Ferdinand

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Ferdinand (1861–1948) Prince (1887–1908) and Tsar (1908–18) of Bulgaria. In 1908, he declared Bulgaria independent of the Ottoman Empire and himself tsar. He allied Bulgaria with Serbia, Greece and Montenegro in the first Balkan War (1912–13), but largely lost Bulgaria's territorial gains to its former allies in the second war (1913). This led Ferdinand to join the Central Powers in World War I. After the defeat, Ferdinand abdicated in favour of his son, Boris III.

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