African-American U.S. Educational Statistics

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Bachelor's degrees conferred in the U.S., 1976–1977 to 2001–2002
	All			Black			% Black
Year	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
(1) Excludes 1,121 men and 528 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(2) Excludes 1,279 men and 571 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(3) Excludes 258 men and 82 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(4) Excludes 6,380 men and 4,786 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(5) Excludes 1,400 men and 1,005 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
* For years 1984–85 to 2001–02, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Data for 1998–99 were imputed using alternative procedures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" surveys 1976–77 through 1984–85, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Completions" surveys, 1986–87 through 1998–99, and Fall 2000 through Fall 2002 surveys. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
1976–1977¹	917,900	494,424	423,476	58,636	25,147	33,489	6.6	5.1	7.9
1978–1979²	919,540	476,065	443,475	60,246	24,659	35,587	6.6	5.2	8.0
1980–1981³	934,800	469,625	465,175	60,673	24,511	36,162	6.5	5.2	7.8
1984–1985⁴*	968,311	476,148	492,163	57,473	23,018	34,455	5.9	4.8	7.0
1986–1987	991,264	480,782	510,482	56,560	22,501	34,059	5.7	4.7	6.7
1988–1989⁵	1,016,350	481,946	534,404	58,078	22,370	35,708	5.7	4.6	6.7
1989–1990	1,051,344	491,696	559,648	61,046	23,257	37,789	5.8	4.7	6.8
1990–1991	1,094,538	504,045	590,493	66,375	24,800	41,575	6.1	4.9	7.0
1991–1992	1,136,553	520,811	615,742	72,680	27,092	45,588	6.4	5.2	7.4
1992–1993	1,165,178	532,881	632,297	78,099	28,962	49,137	6.7	5.4	7.8
1993–1994	1,169,275	532,422	636,853	83,909	30,766	53,143	7.2	5.8	8.3
1994–1995	1,160,134	526,131	634,003	87,236	31,793	55,443	7.5	6.0	8.7
1995–1996	1,164,792	522,454	642,338	91,496	32,974	58,522	7.9	6.3	9.1
1996–1997	1,172,879	520,515	652,264	94,349	33,616	60,733	8.0	6.5	9.3
1997–1998	1,184,406	519,956	664,450	98,251	34,510	63,741	8.3	6.6	9.6
1998–1999	1,200,303	518,746	681,557	102,214	34,876	67,338	8.5	6.7	9.9
1999–2000	1,237,875	530,367	707,508	108,013	37,024	70,989	8.7	7.0	10.0
2000–2001	1,244,171	531,840	712,331	111,307	38,103	73,204	8.9	7.2	10.3
2001–2002	1,291,900	549,816	742,084	116,624	39,194	77,430	9.0	7.1	10.4

Doctoral degrees conferred in the U.S, by major field of study, 2001–2002*
Major field of study	Total	Total black**	Black men	Black women
* Includes Ph.D., Ed.D, and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first-professional degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.
** Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS "Completions" survey: "Agriculture and natural resources" includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; and "Business" includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2002 survey. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
All fields, total	44,160	2,397	921	1,476
Agriculture and natural resources	1,166	19	12	7
Architecture and related programs	183	8	0	8
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies	216	33	14	19
Biological sciences/life sciences	4,489	117	54	63
Business	1,158	71	42	29
Communications	374	33	10	23
Communications technologies	9	0	0	0
Computer and information sciences	750	22	14	8
Education	6,967	900	252	648
Engineering	5,195	86	60	26
Engineering-related technologies	15	0	0	0
English language and literature/letters	1,446	74	24	50
Foreign languages and literature	843	17	7	10
Health professions and related sciences	3,523	124	32	92
Home economics and vocational home economics	355	32	6	26
Law and legal studies	79	1	0	1
Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities	113	6	1	5
Library science	45	5	0	5
Mathematics	958	16	7	9
Multi/interdisciplinary studies	384	18	11	7
Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	151	5	2	3
Philosophy and religion	606	17	6	11
Physical sciences and science technologies	3,803	77	44	33
Protective services	49	3	2	1
Psychology	4,341	257	52	205
Public administration and services	571	75	31	44
Social sciences and history	3,902	206	107	99
Theological studies and religious vocations	1,355	150	115	9
Visual and performing arts	1,114	25	16	9

First professional degrees conferred in the U.S., by major field of study, 2001–2002
Major field of study	Total	Total black*	Black men	Black women
* Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of study, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2002 survey. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
All fields, total	n.a.	5,811	2,223	3,588
Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.)	4,239	155	63	92
Medicine (M.D)	n.a.	1,104	407	697
Optometry (O.D)	1,280	22	10	12
Osteopathic medicine (D.O.)	2,416	97	39	58
Pharmacy (Pharm.D.)	7,076	570	190	380
Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or podiatric medicine (D.P.M.)	474	38	16	22
Veterinary medicine (D.V.M)	2,289	67	17	50
Chiropractic medicine (D.C. or D.C.M)	3,284	116	63	53
Law (LL.B. or J.D.)	n.a.	3,002	1,092	1,910
Theology (M.Div., M.H.L., B.D., or Ord.)	5,195	636	324	312

Master's degrees conferred in the U.S., 1976–1977 to 2001–2002*
	All			Black			% Black
Year	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
* Areas of study included agriculture, architecture and environmental design, area and ethnic studies, biological sciences, business, communications, computer science, construction trades, education, engineering, English language and literature, foreign languages, health, home economics, law, letters, liberal/general studies, library and archival sciences, life sciences, mathematics, multi/interdisciplinary studies, philosophy and religion, theology, physical sciences, protective services and public affairs, psychology, public administration, social sciences, visual and performing arts, other.
(1) Excludes 387 men and 175 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(2) Excludes 733 men and 91 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(3) Excludes 1,377 men and 179 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(4) Excludes 3,973 men and 1,857 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(5) Excludes 482 men and 369 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
** For years 1984–85 to 2001–02, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Data for 1998–99 were imputed using alternative procedures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" surveys 1976–77 through 1984–85, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Completions" surveys, 1986–87 through 1998–99, and Fall 2000 through Fall 2002 surveys. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
1976–1977¹	316,602	167,396	149,206	21,037	7,781	13,256	6.6	4.6	8.9
1978–1979²	300,255	152,637	147,618	19,418	7,070	12,348	6.5	4.6	8.4
1980–1981³	294,183	145,666	148,517	17,133	6,158	10,975	5.8	4.2	7.4
1984–1985⁴**	280,421	139,417	140,004	13,939	5,200	8,739	5.0	3.7	6.2
1986–1987	289,349	141,269	148,080	13,873	5,153	8,720	4.8	3.6	5.9
1988–1989⁵	309,770	148,872	160,898	14,095	5,175	8,920	4.6	3.5	5.5
1989–1990	324,301	153,653	170,648	15,336	5,474	9,862	4.7	3.6	5.8
1990–1991	337,168	156,482	180,686	16,616	5,916	10,700	4.9	3.8	5.9
1991–1992	352,838	161,842	190,996	18,256	6,112	12,144	5.2	3.8	6.4
1992–1993	369,585	169,258	200,327	19,744	6,803	12,941	5.3	4.0	6.5
1993–1994	387,070	176,085	210,985	21,986	7,424	14,562	5.7	4.2	6.9
1994–1995	397,629	178,598	219,031	24,166	8,097	16,069	6.1	4.5	7.3
1995–1996	406,301	179,081	227,220	25,822	8,445	17,377	6.4	4.7	7.6
1996–1997	419,401	180,947	238,454	28,403	8,960	19,443	6.8	5.0	8.2
1997–1998	430,164	184,375	245,789	30,155	9,652	20,503	7.0	5.2	8.3
1998–1999	439,986	186,148	253,838	32,541	10,058	22,483	7.4	5.4	8.9
1999–2000	457,056	191,792	265,264	35,874	11,212	24,662	7.8	5.8	9.3
2000–2001	468,476	194,351	274,125	38,265	11,568	26,697	8.2	6.0	9.7
2001–2002	482,118	199,120	282,998	40,373	11,796	28,577	8.4	5.9	10.1

Bachelor's degrees conferred in the U.S., by major field of study, 2001–2002
Major field of study	Total	Total black*	Black men	Black women
* Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS "Completions" survey: "Agriculture and natural resources" includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; and "Business" includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services.
(1) Excludes "Construction trades" and "Mechanics and repairers," which are listed separately.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2002 survey. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
All fields, total	1,291,900	116,624	39,194	77,430
Agriculture and natural resources	23,353	653	281	372
Architecture and related programs	8,808	348	203	145
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies	6,557	881	290	591
Biological sciences/life sciences	60,256	4,807	1,329	3,478
Business	281,330	28,153	10,088	18,065
Communications	62,791	5,540	1,873	3,667
Communications technologies	1,110	149	76	73
Computer and information sciences	47,299	5,030	2,670	2,360
Construction trades	202	6	4	2
Education	106,383	6,976	1,822	5,154
Engineering	59,481	3,099	1,966	1,133
Engineering-related technologies¹	14,117	1,387	1,077	310
English language and literature/letters	53,162	4,049	1,029	3,020
Foreign languages and literature	15,318	622	153	469
Health professions and related sciences	70,517	8,011	1,041	6,970
Home economics and vocational home economics	18,153	1,659	235	1,424
Law and legal studies	1,971	303	58	245
Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities	39,333	4,688	1,399	3,289
Library science	74	0	0	0
Mathematics	12,395	935	417	518
Mechanics and repairers	164	18	17	1
Multi/interdisciplinary studies	27,629	2,739	824	1,915
Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	20,554	1,751	951	800
Philosophy and religion	9,306	481	273	208
Physical sciences and science technologies	17,851	1,142	463	679
Precision production trade	468	25	21	4
Protective services	25,536	4,484	1,812	2,672
Psychology	76,671	8,107	1,614	6,493
Public administration and services	19,392	4,036	757	3,279
R.O.T.C. and military sciences	3	0	0	0
Social sciences and history	132,874	12,530	4,493	8,037
Theological studies and religious vocations	7,785	411	247	164
Transportation and material moving workers	4,020	220	197	23
Visual and performing arts	66,773	3,373	1,506	1,867
Not classified by field or study	264	11	8	3

First professional degrees conferred in the U.S., 1976–1977 to 2001–2002
	Total			Black			% Black
Year	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female
(1) Excludes 394 men and 12 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(2) Excludes 227 men and 10 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(3) Excludes 598 men and 18 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(4) Excludes 2,954 men and 1,052 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
* For years 1984–85 to 2001–02, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Data for 1998–99 were imputed using alternative procedures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" surveys 1976–77 through 1984–85, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Completions" surveys, 1986–87 through 1998–99, and Fall 2000 through Fall 2002 surveys. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
1976–1977¹	63,953	51,980	11,973	2,537	1,761	776	4.0	3.4	6.5
1978–1979²	68,611	52,425	16,186	2,836	1,783	1,053	4.1	3.4	6.5
1980–1981³	71,340	52,194	19,146	2,931	1,772	1,159	4.1	3.4	6.1
1984–1985⁴*	71,057	47,501	23,556	3,029	1,623	1,406	4.3	3.4	6.0
1986–1987	71,617	46,523	25,094	3,420	1,835	1,585	4.8	3.9	6.3
1988–1989	70,856	45,046	25,810	3,148	1,618	1,530	4.4	3.6	5.9
1989–1990	70,988	43,961	27,027	3,409	1,671	1,738	4.8	3.8	6.4
1990–1991	71,948	43,846	28,102	3,588	1,679	1,909	5.0	3.8	6.8
1991–1992	74,146	45,071	29,075	3,628	1,645	1,983	4.9	3.6	6.8
1992–1993	75,387	45,153	30,234	4,132	1,801	2,331	5.5	4.0	7.7
1993–1994	75,418	44,707	30,711	4,444	1,902	2,542	5.9	4.3	8.3
1994–1995	75,800	44,853	30,947	4,747	2,077	2,670	6.3	4.6	8.6
1995–1996	76,734	44,748	31,986	5,022	2,112	2,910	6.5	4.7	9.1
1996–1997	78,730	45,564	33,166	5,301	2,201	3,100	6.7	4.8	9.3
1997–1998	78,598	44,911	33,687	5,499	2,310	3,189	7.0	5.1	9.5
1998–1999	78,439	44,339	34,100	5,333	2,197	3,136	6.8	5.0	9.2
1999–2000	80,057	44,239	35,818	5,555	2,313	3,242	6.9	5.2	9.1
2000–2001	79,707	42,862	36,845	5,416	2,110	3,306	6.8	4.9	9.0
2001–2002	80,698	42,507	38,191	5,811	2,223	3,588	7.2	5.2	9.4

Doctoral degrees conferred in the U.S., 1976–1977 to 2001–2002*
	Total			Black			% Black
Year	Both	Male	Female	Both	Male	Female	Both Male	Female
* Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes first professional degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees.
(1) Excludes 106 men whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(2) Excludes 53 men and 2 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(3) Excludes 116 men and 3 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(4) Excludes 404 men and 232 women whose racial/ethnic group was not available.
(5) Excludes 51 men and 10 women whose racial/ethnic group and field of study were not available.
** For years 1984–85 to 2001–02, reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. Data for 1998–99 were imputed using alternative procedures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Degrees and Other Formal Awards Conferred" surveys 1976–77 through 1984–85, and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Completions" surveys, 1986–87 through 1998–99, and Fall 2000 through Fall 2002 surveys. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
1976-1977¹	33,126	25,036	8,090	1,253	766	487	3.8	3.1	6.0
1978-1979²	32,675	23,488	9,187	1,268	734	534	3.9	3.1	5.8
1980-1981³	32,839	22,595	10,244	1,265	694	571	3.9	3.1	5.6
1984-1985⁴**	32,307	21,296	11,011	1,154	561	593	3.6	2.6	5.4
1986-1987	34,041	22,061	11,980	1,057	485	572	3.1	2.2	4.8
1988-1989⁵	35,659	22,597	13,062	1,066	491	575	3.0	2.2	4.4
1989-1990	38,371	24,401	13,970	1,149	531	618	3.0	2.2	4.4
1990-1991	39,294	24,756	14,538	1,248	597	651	3.2	2.4	4.5
1991-1992	40,659	25,557	15,102	1,239	584	655	3.0	2.3	4.3
1992-1993	42,132	26,073	16,059	1,350	617	733	3.2	2.4	4.6
1993-1994	43,185	26,552	16,633	1,385	627	758	3.2	2.4	4.6
1994-1995	44,446	26,916	17,530	1,667	730	937	3.8	2.7	5.3
1995-1996	44,652	26,841	17,811	1,632	727	905	3.7	2.7	5.1
1996-1997	45,876	27,146	18,730	1,865	795	1,070	4.1	2.9	5.7
1997-1998	46,010	26,664	19,346	2,067	824	1,243	4.5	3.1	6.4
1998-1999	44,077	25,146	18,931	2,136	873	1,263	4.8	3.5	6.7
1999-2000	44,808	25,028	19,780	2,246	876	1,370	5.0	3.5	6.9
2000-2001	44,904	24,728	20,176	2,207	855	1,352	4.9	3.5	6.7
2001-2002	44,160	23,708	20,452	2,397	921	1,476	5.4	3.9	7.2

Master's degrees conferred in the U.S., by major field of study, 2001–2002
Major field of study	Total	Total black*	Black men	Black women
* Reported racial/ethnic distributions of students by level of degree, field of degree, and sex were used to estimate race/ethnicity for students whose race/ethnicity was not reported. To facilitate trend comparisons, certain aggregations have been made of the degree fields as reported in the IPEDS "Completions" survey: "Agriculture and natural resources" includes Agricultural business and production, Agricultural sciences, and Conservation and renewable natural resources; and "Business" includes Business management and administrative services, Marketing operations/marketing and distribution, and Consumer and personal services.
(1) Excludes "Construction trades" which is listed separately.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), Fall 2002 survey. (This table was prepared August 2003.)
All fields, total	482,118	40,373	11,796	28,577
Agriculture and natural resources	4,519	122	61	61
Architecture and related programs	4,566	164	76	88
Area, ethnic, and cultural studies	1,578	130	36	94
Biological sciences/life sciences	6,205	303	92	211
Business	120,785	10,434	3,962	6,472
Communications	5,510	532	116	416
Communications technologies	549	36	14	22
Computer and information sciences	16,113	745	403	342
Construction trades	9	1	1	0
Education	136,579	13,069	2,829	10,240
Engineering	26,015	794	512	282
Engineering-related technologies¹	896	75	49	26
English language and literature/letters	7,268	349	74	275
Foreign languages and literature	2,861	55	17	38
Health professions and related sciences	43,644	3,249	568	2,681
Home economics and vocational home economics	2,616	270	36	234
Law and legal studies	4,053	176	82	94
Liberal arts and sciences, general studies, and humanities	2,754	214	66	148
Library science	5,113	259	35	224
Mathematics	3,487	126	55	71
Multi/interdisciplinary studies	3,211	250	63	187
Parks, recreation, leisure and fitness studies	2,754	210	102	108
Philosophy and religion	1,334	60	37	23
Physical sciences and science technologies	5,034	149	74	75
Precision production trades	2	0	0	0
Protective services	2,935	482	205	277
Psychology	14,888	1,837	381	1,456
Public administration and services	25,448	4,386	1,010	3,376
Social sciences and history	14,112	1,022	403	619
Theological studies and religious vocations	4,952	334	178	156
Transportation and material moving workers	709	32	29	3
Visual and performing arts	11,595	508	230	278
Not classified by study	24	0	0	0

Enrollment in undergraduate degree-granting institutions in the U.S., 1976–2001*
	Total			Black
Year	Both	Male	Female	Both**	Male	Female
* In thousands.
** Because of underreporting and nonreporting of racial/ethnic data, some figures are slightly lower than corresponding data in other tables. Data for 1999 were imputed using alternative procedures. Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding.
(1) Institutions that were accredited by an agency or association that was recognized by the U.S. Department of Education, or recognized directly by the Secretary of Education.
(2) Data are for 4-year and 2-year degree-granting higher education institutions that participated in Title IV federal financial aid programs.
source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Higher Education General Information Survey (HEGIS), "Fall Enrollment in Colleges and Universities" surveys, 1976 and 1980; and Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), "Fall Enrollment" surveys, 1990 through 1999, and Spring 2001 and Spring 2002 surveys. (This table was prepared September 2003.)
1976¹	9,419.0	4,896.8	4,522.1	943.4	430.7	512.7
1980¹	10,469.1	4,997.4	5,471.7	1,018.8	428.2	590.6
1990¹	11,959.1	5,379.8	6,579.3	1,147.2	448.0	699.2
1996²	12,326.9	5,420.7	6,906.3	1,358.6	513.6	845.0
1998²	12,436.9	5,446.1	6,990.8	1,421.7	530.2	891.5
1999²	12,681.2	5,559.5	7,121.8	1,471.9	548.4	923.5
2000²	13,155.4	5,778.3	7,377.1	1,548.9	577.0	971.9
2001²	13,715.6	6,004.4	7,711.2	1,657.1	611.7	1,045.4

Years of school completed by persons twenty-five and over in the U.S., 1940–2002
	Less than 5 yrs. of elementary school (%)		4 yrs. of high school or more (%)		4 years of college or more (%)
Date	Total	Black	Total	Black	Total	Black
source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population, 1960, Volume 1, part 1; Current Population Reports, Series P-20 and previously unpublished tabulations; and 1960 Census Monograph, "Education of the American Population," by John K. Folger and Charles B. Nam. (This table was prepared October 2003.)
April 1940	13.7	41.8	24.5	7.7	4.6	1.3
April 1950	11.1	32.6	34.3	13.7	6.2	2.2
April 1960	8.3	23.5	41.1	21.7	7.7	3.5
March 1970	5.3	14.7	55.2	36.1	11.0	6.1
March 1975	4.2	12.3	62.5	42.6	13.9	6.4
March 1980	3.4	9.1	68.6	51.4	17.0	7.9
March 1985	2.7	6.1	73.9	59.9	19.4	11.1
March 1990	2.4	5.1	77.6	66.1	21.3	11.3
March 1995	1.8	2.5	81.7	73.8	23.0	13.3
March 2000	1.6	1.6	84.1	78.9	25.6	16.6
March 2002	1.6	1.6	84.1	79.2	26.7	17.2