Rudolph, Paul Marvin (1918–97). American architect. He studied (1939–43, 1946–7) with Gropius at Harvard before setting up in practice in 1947. He was Chairman of the Department of Architecture, Yale University (1958–65), and designed the monumental Art and Architecture Building at New Haven, CT (1958–64), with massive towers and many levels joined by stairs and bridges, colliding forms, powerful corrugated and chiselled surfaces, and dramatic interiors. The building was partly burned in 1969 during student unrest, an episode Rudolph found too painful to discuss. The architecture was influential, however, and aspects of its geometries recurred in Lasdun's work in England. Although never formally associated with New Brutalism or Team X, his student housing at Yale (1958–61) came close to expressing similar themes, Brutalist in the sense of expressing the board-marks on reinforced concrete was the Temple Street Car Park, New Haven (1959–62), allegedly a celebration of the motor car, but in reality a huge, lumpish structure the scale of which completely dwarfed its surroundings. His Government Center complex, Boston, MA (1962–72), a composition arranged around a public square, was supposedly inspired by the Campio, Siena, but any resemblance is elusive. Other works include Sarasota High School, FL (1958–9), the Endo Laboratories, Garden City, NY (1960–4), and the core buildings for Southeastern Massachusetts University, North Dartmouth, MA (1961–3). In the early 1960s he admitted that many of the difficulties experienced in the architectural world stemmed ‘from the concept of functionalism as the only determinant of form’, which sounds like a possible rejection of Gropius's influence.

Bibliography

Alba (2003);
Domin & and J. King (2002);
Kalman (1994);
Moholy-Nagy (1970); Monk (1999);
Daily Telegraph (13 Aug. 1997);
Placzek (ed.) (1982);
Spade (1971c);
Stern (1977);
Jane Turner (1996)