Etzioni, Amitai 1929- (Amitai Werner Etzioni)

views updated

Etzioni, Amitai 1929- (Amitai Werner Etzioni)

PERSONAL:

Born January 4, 1929, in Cologne, Germany; son of Willi Falk and Gertrude Etzioni; married Eva Horiwitz, 1953 (marriage ended); married Minerva Morales, September 14, 1965 (died December 20, 1985); children: (first marriage) Ethan, Oren; (second marriage) Michael, David, Benjamin. Education: Hebrew University, B.A., 1954, M.A., 1956; University of California, Berkeley, Ph.D., 1958.

ADDRESSES:

Office—The Communitarian Network, 2130 H St. NW, Ste. 703, Washington, DC 20052. E-mail—[email protected].

CAREER:

Sociologist, educator, and author. Columbia University, New York, NY, instructor, 1958-59, assistant professor, 1959-61, associate professor, 1961-67, professor of sociology, 1967-80, senior staff member of Bureau of Applied Social Research, 1961-70, chair of sociology department, 1969-71, director of Center for Policy Research, beginning 1968; George Washington University, Washington, DC, University Professor, 1980—; Harvard Business School, Cambridge, MA, Thomas Henry Carroll Ford Foundation Professor, 1987-89. Guest scholar, Brookings Institution, 1978-79; visiting scholar in sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, 1996. Senior advisor to President Jimmy Carter, 1979-80. Founder, Communitarian Network (nonprofit organization), 1990. Frequent guest on television and radio programs. Consultant and advisor to numerous national and international organizations and agencies.

MEMBER:

International Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics (founding president), Economic Forum (member of conference board), American Sociological Association (president, 1994-95), Americans for Democratic Action (member of national board), National Science Foundation (member of science information council), Sociological Research Association, American Jewish Congress, Council on Foreign Relations, National Research Council, American Association for the Advancement of Science (fellow, 1978—), American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

AWARDS, HONORS:

Social Science Research Council faculty fellowship, 1960-61, 1967-68; Hudson Institute fellow, 1964-69; Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences fellowship, 1965-66; William Mosher Award, 1967, for the most distinguished academic article published in Public Administration Review; Guggenheim fellowship, 1968-69; Public Agenda Foundation fellow, 1981-82; Lester F. Ward Distinguished Contributions Award in Applied Sociology, Society for Applied Sociology, 1987; Society for the Advancement of Socio-Economics, honorary fellow, 1994; Distinguished Lifetime Achievement in Nonprofit and Voluntary Action Research Award, 1995; Tolerance Book Award, Simon Wiesenthal Center, 1997, for The New Golden Rule; Sociological Practice Association Outstanding Contribution Award, 1998; James Wilbur Award for Extraordinary Contributions to the Appreciation and Advancement of Human Values, Conference on Value Inquiry, 1998, 2001; John P. McGovern Award in Behavioral Sciences, 2001; Officer's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, 2001; Outstanding Contribution Award, Sociological Practice Association, 2001; named one of the top 100 American intellectuals, 2001. Litt.D., Rider College, 1979; also honorary degrees from Governors State University, 1987, University of Utah, 1991, Colorado College, 1994, Connecticut College, 1994, and Walden University, 1997.

WRITINGS:

A Diary of a Commando Soldier (in Hebrew), Achiasof (Jerusalem, Israel), 1952.

A Comparative Analysis of Complex Organizations, Free Press (New York, NY), 1961, revised edition, 1975.

(Editor) Complex Organizations: A Sociological Reader, Holt (New York, NY), 1961, 3rd edition, 1980.

The Hard Way to Peace: A New Strategy, Collier (New York, NY), 1962.

Winning without War, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1964.

Modern Organizations, Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1964.

The Moon-Doggle: Domestic and International Implications of the Space Race, Doubleday (Garden City, NY), 1964.

(Editor, with Eva Etzioni) Social Change: Sources, Patterns and Consequences, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1964.

Political Unification: A Comparative Study of Leaders and Forces, Holt (New York, NY), 1965.

Studies in Social Change, Holt (New York, NY), 1966.

(Editor) International Political Communities, Anchor Books (New York, NY), 1966.

Alternative Ways to Democracy; the Example of Israel, 1966.

The Active Society: A Theory of Societal and Political Processes, Free Press (New York, NY), 1968.

(Editor) The Semi-Professions and Their Organization: Teachers, Nurses, Social Workers, Free Press (New York, NY), 1969.

(Editor) Readings on Modern Organizations, Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1969.

(Editor, with Sarajane Heidt) Societal Guidance: A New Approach to Social Problems, Crowell (New York, NY), 1969.

(Coauthor) Post-Secondary Education and the Disadvantaged: A Policy Study, Center for Policy Research (New York, NY), 1969.

(Editor, with Philip Ehrensaft) Anatomies of America: Sociological Perspectives, Macmillan (New York, NY), 1969.

(Editor, with Frederick L. Dubow) Comparative Perspectives: Theories and Methods, Little, Brown (Boston, MA), 1970.

(Editor, with Martin Wenglinsky) War and Its Prevention, Harper (New York, NY), 1970.

(Editor, with James S. Coleman and John Porter, and contributor) Macrosociology: Research and Theory, Allyn & Bacon (Boston, MA), 1970.

The Self-guiding Society. Based on the Active Society, Free Press (New York, NY), 1971.

Demonstration Democracy, Gordon & Breach (New York, NY), 1971.

(With Richard Remp) Technological Shortcuts to Social Change, Russell Sage Foundation (New York, NY), 1972.

Genetic Fix: New Opportunities and Dangers for You, Your Child and the Nation, Macmillan (New York, NY), 1973, published as Genetic Fix: The Next Technological Revolution, Harper (New York, NY), 1975.

Social Problems, Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1976.

(Editor) Policy Research, Brill (Leiden, Netherlands), 1978.

The Organizational Structure of the Kibbutz, Arno Press (New York, NY), 1980.

(Coauthor) Perspectives on Productivity: A Global View, Sentry Insurance (Stevens Point, WI), 1981.

An Immodest Agenda: Rebuilding America before the Twenty-first Century, McGraw (New York, NY), 1983.

Capital Corruption: The New Attack on American Democracy, Harcourt (New York, NY), 1984.

(With Edward Gross) Organizations in Society, Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1985.

The Moral Dimension: Toward a New Economics, Collier Macmillan (New York, NY), 1988.

A Responsive Society: Collected Essays on Guiding Deliberate Social Change, Jossey-Bass (San Francisco, CA), 1991.

The Consumption of Time and the Timing of Consumption: Toward a New Behavioral and Socio-Economics: Contributions in Honor of Amitai Etzioni: Proceedings of the International Colloquium, edited by Gerrit Antonides, Wil Arts, and W. Fred van Raaj, (New York, NY), 1991.

(Coeditor) Socio-Economics: Toward a New Synthesis, M.E. Sharpe (Armonk, NY), 1991.

Public Policy in a New Key, Transaction Publishers (New Brunswick, NJ), 1993.

The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda, Crown (New York, NY), 1993, published as The Spirit of Community: The Reinvention of American Society, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1994.

(Compiler) Rights and the Common Good: The Communitarian Perspective, St. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 1995.

(Editor) New Communitarian Thinking: Persons, Virtues, Institutions, and Communities, University Press of Virginia (Carlottesville, VA), 1995.

Macro Socio-Economics: From Theory to Activism, M.E. Sharpe (Armonk, NY), 1996.

The New Golden Rule: Community and Morality in a Democratic Society, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1996.

(Coeditor) Repentance: A Comparative Perspective, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 1997.

(Editor) The Essential Communitarian Reader, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 1998.

The Limits of Privacy, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1999.

(Editor) Civic Repentance, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 1999.

Martin Buber und die Kommunitarische Idee, Picus (Vienna, Austria), 1999.

Essays in Socio-Economics, Springer (New York, NY), 1999.

The Third Way to a Good Society, Demos (London, England), 2000.

Next: The Road to the Good Society, Basic Books (New York, NY), 2001.

The Monochrome Society, Princeton University Press (Princeton, NJ), 2001.

Political Unification Revisited: On Building Supranational Communities, Lexington Books (Lanham, MD), 2001.

(Editor, with Jason H. Marsh) Rights Vs. Public Safety after 9/11: America in the Age of Terrorism, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 2003.

(Editor, with Daniel Doherty) Voluntary Simplicity: Responding to Consumer Culture, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 2003.

My Brother's Keeper: A Memoir and a Message, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 2003.

(Editor, with Andrew Volmart and Elanit Rothschild) The Communitarian Reader: Beyond the Essentials, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 2004.

(Editor, with Jared Bloom) We Are What We Celebrate: Understanding Holidays and Rituals, New York University Press (New York, NY), 2004.

From Empire to Community, Palgrave Macmillan (New York, NY), 2004.

How Patriotic Is the Patriot Act? Freedom Versus Security in the Age of Terrorism, Routledge (New York, NY), 2004.

(Editor, with Alyssa Bowditch) Public Intellectuals: An Endangered Species?, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers (Lanham, MD), 2006.

Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy, Yale University Press (New Haven, CT), 2007.

Contributor to books, including Papers in Comparative Public Administration, edited by Ferrel Heady and Sybil L. Stokes, Institute of Public Administration University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI), 1962; Political and Social Life, by Nelson Polsby, Robert Dentler, and P. Smith, Houghton (New York, NY), 1963; Comparative Politics, edited by H. Eckstein and D.E. Apter, Free Press (New York, NY), 1963; Social Organization and Behavior, by R.C. Simpson and I.H. Simpson, Wiley (New York, NY), 1964; International Conflict and Behavioral Science, edited by Roger Fisher, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1964; The Crossroad Papers: A Look into the American Future, edited by Hans J. Morgenthau, Norton (New York, NY), 1965; Handbook of Organizations, edited by James March, Rand McNally (Chicago, IL), 1965; The Government of Association: Selections from the Behavioral Sciences, edited by William A. Glaser and David L. Sills, Bedminster Press (Totowa, NJ), 1966; Sociology in Action, edited by Arthur B. Shostak, Dorsey Press (Homewood, IL), 1966; Contemporary Social Problems, edited by Robert K. Merton and Robert A. Nisbet, revised edition, Harcourt (New York, NY), 1966; Organizations and Human Behavior: A Book of Readings, edited by Gerald D. Bell, Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1967; Major American Social Problems, edited by Robert Dentler, Rand McNally (Chicago, IL), 1967; Organizational Decision Making, by C.Z. Wilson and M. Alexis, Prentice-Hall (Englewood Cliffs, NJ), 1967; Sociological Theory: Inquiries and Paradigms, edited by Llewellyn Gross, Harper (New York, NY), 1967; The Uses of Sociology, edited by Paul F. Lazarsfeld, William H. Sewell, and Harold L. Wilensky, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1967; The United Nations System and Its Functions: Selected Readings, edited by Robert W. Gregg and Michael Barkun, editors, Van Nostrand (Princeton, JN), 1968; Social Processes in International Relations: A Reader, edited by Louis Kriesberg, Wiley (New York, NY), 1968; International Politics and Foreign Policy: A Reader in Research and Theory, edited by James N. Rosenau, Free Press (New York, NY), 1969; Scientific Research and Politics, edited by Lars Dencik, Student-literatur (Lund, Sweden), 1969; Sociological Self Images: A Collective Portrait, edited by Irving L. Horowitz, Sage Publications (New York, NY), 1969; People, Groups, and Organizations, edited by Bernard P. Indik and F. Kenneth Berrien, Teachers College, Columbia University (New York, NY), 1969; The Campus and the Racial Crisis, American Council on Education (Washington, DC), 1969; The Handbook of Social Psychology, Volume 5, edited by Gardner Lindzey and Elliot Aronson, Addison-Wesley (Reading, MA), 1970; Psychology and the Problems of Society, edited by Frances F. Korten, Stuart W. Cook, and John I. Lacey, American Psychological Association (Washington, DC), 1970; The Dynamics of Aggression, edited by Edwin I. Megargee and Jack E. Hokanson, Harper (New York, NY), 1970; Theoretical Sociology: Perspectives and Developments, edited by John C. McKinney and Edward A. Tiryakian, Appleton (New York, NY), 1970; reviewer for Moral Leadership in Government, by Daniel Yankelovich, Public Agenda Foundation (New York, NY), 1976; contributor of comments to Preventing the Clash of Civilizations: A Peace Strategy for the Twenty-first Century, by Roman Herzog, St. Martin's Press (New York, NY), 1999; also contributor to Encyclopedia Hebraica and International Encyclopedia of Social Science.

Author of foreword or introduction for International Systems and the Modernization of Societies, by J.P. Nettl and Roland Robertson, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1968; Social Profile: U.S.A. Today, Van Nostrand, 1970; and Clients Come Last: Volunteers and Welfare Organizations, by Esther Stanton, Sage Publications (New York, NY), 1970.

Contributor of articles to professional journals, newspapers, and magazines. Author of monthly columns in Human Behavior and Psychology Today. Member of editorial or advisory boards of Journal of Peace Research, Administrative Science Quarterly, Psychiatry and Social Science, Social Policy, Tikkun, Current Contents, Social Sciences Citation Index, Israel Social Science Research, Journal of Accounting and Public Policy, International Journal of Robotics and Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Journal of Public Policy, Journal of the American Association of University Administrators, Futures Research Quarterly, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, Transaction/SOCIETY, Nonprofit Management and Leadership, Encyclopedia of the Future, Sociological Practice, and other journals. Editor, The Responsive Community: Rights and Responsibilities (quarterly journal of the Communitarian Network), 1991-2004. Author of blog Amitai Etzioni Notes. Author's works have been translated into various languages.

SIDELIGHTS:

A sociologist, career academic, and public policy expert, Amitai Etzioni has been a White House advisor and a prominent voice in areas such as privacy, individual freedoms, and U.S. foreign policy. He is a founder and leading proponent of the sociopolitical movement known as communitarianism. Communitarians, according to reviewer Paul Kriese in Perspectives on Political Science, "emphasize the special moral obligations that people have to their families, communities, and societies." Their philosophy places less emphasis on the pursuit of individual advancement and instead focuses on a shared effort to stabilize and enhance the common good for the entire community.

In The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda Etzioni outlines the basic tenets of communitarianism and how it proposes to refocus attention from the individual "me" to the general "we." Etzioni explores in depth one of the basic goals of communitarianism: the shoring up of the traditional nuclear family structure in America. He proposes, for example, a mandatory waiting period before marriage or divorce, increased marriage counseling, and economic sanctions that would make marriage a more practical option than divorce. Communitarianism would require moral training in American public schools, bolstered by home life where the mutual obligations between parent and child are enhanced and enforced. The author explores other aspects of communitarian thought, too, including the perceived need to curb the proliferation and demand for individual rights; a program of public humiliation for nonviolent criminal offenders; increased police involvement in areas such as drunk driving checkpoints; and other programs and policies intended to foster greater social responsibility and accountability. Etzioni and the Communitarians also advocate a radical restructuring of American politics, calling for a ban on political action committees, reduction of reliance on special interests, and programs for reducing the allure of money in political activities.

The book "offers valuable insight concerning the increasingly popular Communitarian philosophy," commented Amy Downs in National Civic Review. Downs, however, noted that even here Etzioni does not provide clear criteria for individual rights should be curbed or rolled back for the good of the larger community. Still, Downs found the book to be a "welcome contribution to the ongoing national conversation on reforming and recasting our public life." Theological Studies contributor John C. Haughey observed that as "a piece of rhetoric exhorting readers to build community, this volume succeeds admirably."

Etzioni is the editor of The Communitarian Reader: Beyond the Essentials, along with Andrew Volmert and Elanit Rothschild. In this volume, contributors offer essays exploring the many facets of communitarian thought and action. The volume "presents the communitarians in an agreeable light, both as thinkers and as citizens," observed Fred Baumann in a Public Interest review. "This book can be read with profit by all segments of the public and university communities," Kriese concluded.

The New Golden Rule: Community and Morality in a Democratic Society further expands on the ideas behind communitarian philosophy and thinking. In this book, Etzioni "seeks to develop a set of core values that will allow societies to balance their policies between the extremes of excessive individualism and excessive order," commented H-Net reviewer Steven Jones. He makes it clear that with individual rights should also come individual responsibilities to the rest of the community. As a means of fulfilling these responsibilities and developing a responsive, moral community that effectively supports the common good, he advocates such policies as mandatory national service for high-school or college graduates; the establishment of a nationally standardized curriculum for public schools; a return to local law through the establishment of community courts; reassignment of some federal functions to volunteer organizations or community groups; and the use of school as a moral training ground. Etzioni envisions a society structured as a community of communi- ties, where each persons is a member of several different communities at the same time and feels the stabilizing effects of each. His call for more order in society is not a desire to apply authoritarianism: instead, he simply "wants people to curb their desire to act selfishly," reported Jeff Spinner-Halev in the American Political Science Review. Etzioni "provides some well-considered alternatives to social and religious conservative correctives and manages to describe how we can shape and accomplish shared objectives in a culturally diverse society," Jones stated. A Publishers Weekly reviewer called the book a "timely contribution to the debate over what constitutes a good society." Etzioni's "balanced context is good preparation for building community in the future," commented a Futurist contributor.

The Limits of Privacy is one of Etzioni's more controversial works. For Etzioni, privacy issues can be addressed with a communitarian approach: he asserts that "by placing careful limits on an individual's privacy, society as a whole will benefit," reported R. Michael Waterman on the State Bar of Wisconsin Web site. Etzioni focuses on four areas in which individuals' desire for privacy should be suppressed, maintaining that national concepts of privacy should be reworked in favor of policies that better support the common good. The first, Megan's Law, is supported by Etzioni as a means of keeping communities safe by notifying them of the presence of potential sexual predators and child abusers in their midst. The other three areas are somewhat more contentious. The author believes that all newborns should undergo mandatory AIDS testing, regardless of the mother's desire to keep such information private. He also feels that the government should be allowed the authority and ability to read encrypted electronic messages as a means of monitoring and catching criminals, potential terrorists, and other threats. Finally, Etzioni advocates the establishment of a national identification card that would be required of all U.S. citizens. In a further argument, Etzioni finds privacy too often compromised in the area of personal medical records, where individual medical data sometimes ends up in the hands of marketers and others who do not have a genuine need for it.

National Review critic John Derbyshire criticized Etzioni's assertions regarding privacy. His "solutions presuppose integrity and goodwill where those things do not exist," Derbyshire insisted. "The earnest professor seems not to understand that one reason the pendulum has swung so far towards the individual and against the community is that, since outlawing shame and respectability and handing over the machinery of social control to politicians and bureaucrats, we have found out what those people are capable of." Other reviewers were more generous. Vernon Ford, writing in Booklist, called The Limits of Privacy "a valuable and informative analysis of a timely and interesting topic."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

BOOKS

Contemporary Issues Criticism, Volume 2, Gale (Detroit, MI), 1984.

Etzioni, Amitai, My Brother's Keeper: A Memoir and a Message, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 2003.

McWilliams, Wilson Carey, editor, The Active Society Revisited, Rowman & Littlefield (Lanham, MD), 2006.

PERIODICALS

America, November 13, 1999, Robert F. Drinan, "A Precious Human Right," review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 25.

American Banker, May 10, 1999, "Q&A: Banks Should Reassure Public on Privacy," interview with Amitai Etzioni, p. 20.

American Enterprise, May 1, 1997, Doug Bandow, review of The New Golden Rule: Community and Morality in a Democratic Society, p. 81.

American Political Science Review, September, 1998, Jeff Spinner-Halev, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 680.

American Sociological Review, April, 1965, review of The Hard Way to Peace: A New Strategy, p. 295.

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, November, 1969, review of The Active Society: A Theory of Societal and Political Processes, p. 222.

Booklist, March 1, 1999, Vernon Ford, review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 1132; May 1, 2001, Vanessa Bush, review of The Monochrome Society, p. 1646; November 15, 2004, Mark Knoblauch, review of How Patriotic Is the Patriot Act? Freedom Versus Security in the Age of Terrorism, p. 536.

Business Week, April 26, 1999, "Too Private?," review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 16.

Christian Century, April 13, 1983, review of An Immodest Agenda: Rebuilding America before the Twenty-first Century, p. 345; February 13, 2002, Bernard V. Brady, review of The Monochrome Society, p. 40.

Commonweal, May 7, 1993, William M. Sullivan, review of The Spirit of Community: Rights, Responsibilities, and the Communitarian Agenda, p. 22; August 15, 1997, Wilson Carey McWilliams, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 24.

Ethics and Information Technology, September, 2000, Dag Elgesem, review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 189.

Foreign Affairs, September-October, 1993, Andrew J. Pierre, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 151; May-June, 1997, Francis Fukuyama, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 123; September-October, 2004, G. John Ikenberry, review of From Empire to Community.

Fortune, May 31, 1993, Charles Burck, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 167.

Futurist, July 1, 1997, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 54; May, 2001, review of Next: The Road to the Good Society, p. 51; November-December, 2004, review of From Empire to Community, p. 60; November 1, 2007, review of Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy, p. 61.

Global Virtue Ethics Review, January, 2003, Pamela T. Brannon, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 83.

Guardian (Manchester, England), January 7, 2008, biography of Amitai Etzioni.

Journal of Church and State, summer, 1999, Gary W. Hull, review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 623.

Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, summer, 1999, Beverly Woodward, review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 194.

Library Journal, April 1, 1999, Harry Charles, review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 114; May 1, 2001, Stephen L. Hupp, review of The Monochrome Society, p. 110.

Nation, December 6, 1993, Robert S. Fogarty, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 696.

National Catholic Reporter, September 10, 1993, Judith Bromberg, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 27; September 5, 1997, Michael J. Farrell, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 25.

National Civic Review, spring, 1993, Amy Downs, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 199.

National Review, May 10, 1993, Bruce Frohnen, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 48; March 10, 1997, John Fonte, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 48; May 31, 1999, John Derbyshire, "Private Obsessions," review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 66.

New Statesman & Society, November 3, 1995, Tony Wright, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 34.

New York Observer, July 23, 2007, Matthew Cole, "Forget Iran and North Korea—Worry Instead about Russia and Pakistan," review of Security First.

Perspectives on Political Science, fall, 1999, John Fliter, review of The Limits of Privacy; winter, 2005, Paul Kriese, review of The Communitarian Reader: Beyond the Essentials, p. 60.

Political Science Quarterly, fall, 1993, Lewis A. Coser, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 577; fall, 2004, James N. Rosenau, review of From Empire to Community, p. 539.

Public Interest, fall, 1993, Joshua Abramowitz, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 119; spring, 2005, Fred Baumann, "Liberals by Any Other Name," review of The Communitarian Reader, p. 165.

Publishers Weekly, February 15, 1993, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 221; August 14, 1995, review of Rights and the Common Good: The Communitarian Perspective, p. 75; November 18, 1996, review of The New Golden Rule, p. 54; May 7, 2001, review of The Monochrome Society, p. 234; April 14, 2003, review of My Brother's Keeper: A Memoir and a Message, p. 57.

Reason, November, 1993, Loren E. Lomasky, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 56.

Reference & Research Book News, August, 2006, review of Public Intellectuals, An Endangered Species?

Science, October 10, 1969, review of The Active Society, p. 207.

Security Management, April, 2000, Linda L. Guest, review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 104.

Social Forces, September, 1965, review of Modern Organizations, p. 121; March 2003, Joseph E. Davis, review of The Monochrome Society, p. 1053.

State Legislatures, April, 2000, Rita Thaemert, review of The Limits of Privacy, p. 4.

Theological Studies, March 1994, John C. Haughey, review of The Spirit of Community, p. 183.

World Politics, October, 1965, review of Winning without War, p. 117.