Freud, Anna (1895–1982)

Austrian psychoanalyst. Born Anna Freud in Vienna, Austria, Dec 3, 1895; died in London, England, Oct 8, 1982; dau. of Sigmund Freud (founder of psychoanalysis) and Martha Bernays; graduate of Cottage Lyzeum, Vienna, 1912; Clark University, LLD, 1950; Jefferson Medical College, ScD, 1964; University of Sheffield, LLD, 1966; lived with lifelong companion and collaborator, Dorothy Burlingham.

Pioneering psychoanalyst, who commenced analysis with father (1918), began psychoanalyzing adults and children and delivered 1st paper before the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society (1922); met Dorothy Burlingham and became a training analyst at Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute (1925); established the Jackson Nursery for children (1937); immigrated to London (1938); established the wartime nurseries (1941); opened the Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic (1951); for more than 50 years, worked tirelessly to secure the future of psycho-analysis and safeguard its principles with far-reaching effects: her work in ego psychology and child development remain a part of the foundation upon which current psychoanalytic thought is built; in the schools and research centers she established, trained and influenced a generation of future analysts; writings include The Introduction to Psychoanalysis (1927), The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence (1936), Infants Without Families (1944), Indications for Child Analysis and Other Essays (1945–56), Research at the Hampstead Child Therapy Clinic and Other Papers (1956–65), Normality and Pathology in Childhood (1965), Problems of Psychoanalytic Technique and Therapy (1966–70) and Psychoanalytic Psychology of Normal Development (1970–80).

See also Robert Coles, Anna Freud: The Dream of Psychoanalysis (Addison-Wesley, 1992); Elizabeth Young-Bruehl, Anna Freud (Summit, 1988); and Women in World History.