homologous chromosomes Chromosomes having the same structural features. In diploid nuclei, pairs of homologous chromosomes can be identified at the start of meiosis. One member of each pair comes from the female parent and the other from the male. Homologous chromosomes have the same pattern of genes along the chromosome but the nature of the genes may differ (see allele).

homologous chromosomes A pair of similar chromosomes, one derived from each parent where both parents are of the same species. Compare homoeology.