Plan of Ayala
Plan of Ayala
Plan of Ayala, a declaration written in the fall of 1911 by Emiliano Zapata and a schoolteacher named Otilio Montaño. It was the fundamental text of the Zapatista movement that was centered in the state of Morelos. The plan gave zapatismo a national orientation by rejecting the Mexican Revolution's first caudillo, Francisco Madero, as a traitor. It also provided the revolution with a clear and relatively straightforward expression of the popular demand for land reform. For this reason it was one of the key documents of the period, playing an important, if somewhat indirect, role in bringing about the land reform of the 1920s and 1930s.
See alsoMadero, Francisco Indalecio; Zapata, Emiliano.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
John Womack, Zapata and the Mexican Revolution (1968), esp. pp. 393-404.
Robert P. Millon, Zapata: The Ideology of a Peasant Revolutionary (1969).
Samuel Brunk, Revolution and Betrayal in Mexico: A Life of Emiliano Zapata (1995).
Additional Bibliography
López González, Valentín. El Plan de Ayala, 1911. Cuernavaca, Mexico: Instituto Estatal de Documentación de Morelos, 2001.
López González, Valentín. Reforma y ratificación del Plan de Ayala, 1913. Cuernavaca, Mexico: Instituto Estatal de Documentación de Morelos, 2000.
Tutino, John. From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico: The Social Bases of Agrarian Violence, 1750–1940. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987.
Samuel Brunk