Callado Junior, Joaquim Antônio da Silva (1848–1880)

Joaquim Antônio da Silva Callado Junior (b. 11 July 1848; d. 20 March 1880), Brazilian flute virtuoso, teacher, prolific composer of popular instrumental dance pieces, and key figure in the history of Brazilian music. Son of a bandmaster in Rio de Janeiro, Callado received an appointment to teach flute at the Imperial Conservatory of Music in 1870, during which time he organized a popular musical ensemble called "Choro carioca." The first of many Choro ensembles in Rio, the traditional group included a solo flute or other woodwind instrument, with various guitar-type and occasional percussion instruments. Repertoire consisted of polkas, quadrilles, schottisches, waltzes, lundus (Afro-Brazilian dance), and polka-lundus. With the addition of a singer, the performance was called a seresta. Callado became famous as the composer of Querida por todos, a polka dedicated to a well-known woman composer, Chi-quinha Gonzaga.

One of Callado's principal contributions was to establish the choro as a form of popular music and to develop an individualized style of popular composition that served as a model for later composers. The choro became the favored form of Heitor Villa-lobos to express musical elements that were distinctively Brazilian.

See alsoMusic: Popular Music and Dance .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Gérard Béhague, Music in Latin America (1979).

David P. Appleby, The Music of Brazil (1983).

Additional Bibliography

Diniz, André. Joaquim Callado: O pai dos chorões. Rio de Janeiro: Ourocard, 1970.

Livingston-Isenhour, Tamara Elena, and Thomas George Caracas Garcia. Choro: A Social History of a Brazilian Popular Music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005.

Siqueira, Baptista. Três Vultos Históricos da Música Brasileira. Rio de Janeiro, 1970.

                                         David P. Appleby