Gilligan, Carol (1936–)
Gilligan, Carol (1936–)
American psychologist. Born Nov 28, 1936, in New York, NY; Swarthmore College, BA, 1958; Radcliffe College, MA in clinical psychology, 1961; Harvard University, PhD in social psychology (1964); m. James Gilligan; children: 3 sons.
Pioneer feminist psychologist, worked as lecturer at University of Chicago (1965–66); began teaching at Harvard with psychoanalyst Erik Erikson (1967) and became research assistant for Lawrence Kohlberg (1970); criticized Kohlberg's theories on stages of moral development in her groundbreaking book In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development (1982); became full professor at Harvard (1986); published Women, Girls, and Psychotherapy: Reframing Resistance (1991) and Meeting at the Crossroads (1992); served as Pitt Professor of American History at University of Cambridge in England (1992–94); broadened research to include race in Between Voice and Silence: Women and Girls, Race and Relationship (1995); appointed to Harvard's 1st gender studies post (Patricia Albjerg Graham chair, 1997); served as coordinator of Harvard Center on Gender and Education; began teaching at New York University's Graduate Schools of Law and Education (2002); wrote play adaptation of The Scarlet Letter and published The Birth of Pleasure (2002). Received Ms. Magazine's "Woman of the Year" award (1983), Grawemeyer Award in Education (1992) and Heinz Award (1997).