BRDE?KA, Ji?í

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Animator and Writer. Nationality: Czech. Born: Ji?í Brne?ka in Hranice, Moravia, 24 December 1917. Education: Studied at an art college, Prague; studied art history, Charles University, Prague, 1936–39. Career: Writer, journalist, and illustrator; 1940—first appearance of story Limonádový Joe (later versions as play, novel, and animated film); 1943–44—animator for Richard Dillenz Studio (later Prag-Film); 1946—wrote scripts for Trnka's animated films, and joined Bratri Triku Studio after the war; 1947—first film as director of animation; 1951—first fiction film as scriptwriter. Died: 2 June 1982.

Animated Films as Writer:

1946

Pérák a SS (The Springer and the SS-Men) (Trnka); Dárek (The Gift) (Trnka)

1947

Sváb (The Cockroach) (Mann); Vzucholod a láska (Love and the Zeppelin) (+ d)

1948

Císa?uv slavík (The Emperor's Nightingale) (Trnka); Andelský kabát (The Angel's Coat) (Hofman)

1949

Papírové nokturno (Paper Nocturne) (Hofman); Arie prérie (The Song of the Prairie) (Trnka)

1950

Káslání a kýchani (Cough and Sneeze) (Mozís); Mouchy (Flies) (Mozís); Neviditelní neprátelé (Invisible Enemy) (Mozís); Vitamin C

1953

Staré povesti ceské (Old Czech Legends) (Trnka); O svetle (On Light) (Srámek); O skleni?ku vic (A Drop Too Much) (Pojar)

1956

Ztracená varta (The Lost Sentry) (Makovec)

1958

Historie blechatého psa (Story of a Dog Who Had Fleas) (Mudrná?); Vynález zkásy (An Invention for Destruction; The Fabulous World of Jules Verne) (K. Zeman)

Animated Films as Director and Writer:

1958

Jak se ?lovek naucil létat (A Comic History of Aviation; How Man Learned to Fly)

1959

Drahoušek Klementýna (My Darling Clementine); Pozor! (Look Out!; Attention)

1960

Naše Karkulka (Our Little Red Riding Hood)

1961

Clovek pod vodou (Man Under Water); Zavada není na vašem p?ijímaci (The Television Fan)

1962

Rozum a cit (Reason and Emotion); Zmrzly d?eva? (The Frozen Logger)

1963

Spatne namalovaná slepice (Gallina Vogelbirdie; The Grotesque Chicken); Jak na to (How to Keep Slim)

1964

Slóvce M (The Letter M; The Minstrel's Song)

1965

Dezertér (The Deserter); Blaho lásky (The Joy of Love; She and He)

1966

Do lesí?ka na ?ekanou (Forester's Song; Let's Go Hunting in the Woods); Pro? se usmíváš, Mona Lisa? (Why Do You Smile, Mona Lisa?)

1968

Moc osudu (The Power of Destiny); Pomsta (Vengeance)

1969

Metamorfeus

1970

Jak se moudrý Aristoteles stal jeste moud?ejšim (Wise Aristotle Gets Still Wiser; Aristotle)

1971

Jsouc na rece mlynár jeden (There Was a Miller on the River)

1973

Tvár (The Face)

1974

Accordion Song

1975

What I Didn't Say to the Prince

1978

Aaamour

Animated Films as Cowriter:

1959

Pro? UNESCO? (Why UNESCO?) (Trnka); Sen noci svatojánske (A Midsummer Night's Dream) (Trnka); Bombománie (Bomb Mania) (Pojar); Stastny lev (The Happy Lion) (Bedrich)

1960

Sláva (Fame) (Pojar); Prak a drank (The Catapult and the Kite) (Topaldjikov); Jak za?ídit byt (How to Furnish a Flat) (Pojar); Mikromakrokosmos (Little-Big-Cosmos)

1961

Baron Prášil (Baron Munchausen) (Zeman)

1962

Sroublkova dobrodružství (Screw's Adventures) (Vystrcil)

1970

T?i ?arovná péra (Three Magic Feathers) (Rozkopal)

Other Animated Films:

1959

Tucet mých tatínku (My Twelve Fathers) (Hofman) (codesign)

Films as Writer:

1951

Císa?uv peka? a pekaruv cisa? (The Emperor's Baker and the Baker's Emperor) (Fric)

1952

Velké dobrodružství (Great Adventure) (Makovek)

1954

Kavárna na hlavní t?ide (Cafe in the Main Street) (Hubácek); Severní p?ístav (Northern Harbour) (Makovek)

1955

Bly jednou jeden Král (There Was Once a King) (B. Zeman)

1956

Obusku, z pytle ven! (Stick, Start Beating!) (Pleskot)

1957

Snadný život (Easy Life) (Makovek); Vl?í jáma (Wolf Trap) (Weiss); Ztracenci (Three Men Missing) (Makovek)

1959

Taková láska (Appassionata) (Weiss)

1960

Cerná sobota (Saturday Night) (Hubácek)

1961

Lidé za kamerou (People behind the Camera) (Hofman—doc)

1963

Až p?ijde kocour (That Cat) (Jasny)

1964

Limonádnový Joe (Lemonade Joe) (Lipsky)

1968

"Last Golem" ep. of Pražské noci (Prague Nights) (+ d + co-sc of other episodes)

1972

Román o ruži (Story of a Rose) (+ d—short)

1982

Tajemstvi hradu v Karpatech (The Mysterious Castle in the Carpathians) (Lipsky)

Other Films:

1963

Spanilá jízda (The Glorious Campaign) (Danek) (ro)

Publications

By BRDE?KA: books—

Limonádový Joe, Prague, 1940.

Kelty bez pozlatka (Guns without Glamour), Prague, 1956.

Faunovo znacne pokrocile adpoledne (The Faun's Rather Late Afternoon), Prague, 1966.

By BRDE?KA: articles—

"De la difficulté d'être cinéaste d'animation tchecoslovague," in Annecy Festival Catalogue, 1963.

Continental Film Review (London), January 1977.

Film a Doba (Prague), September 1982.

Film a Doba (Prague), November 1983.

On BRDE?KA: articles—

Jeune Cinema (Paris), no. 3–4, 1964–65.

Film a Doba (Prague), vol. 11, no. 3. 1965.

Image et Son (Paris), November 1967.

Film a Doba (Prague), vol. 33, no. 12, December 1967.

Film a Doba (Prague), February 1983.

Film a Doba (Prague), December 1987.

* * *

It is not altogether accurate to call Ji?í Brde?ka an animator. That is, of course, what he was—but the breadth of his other interests is impressive: he was also a draughtsman, film critic, novelist, scriptwriter, and film director.

In 1940 he worked as a film critic for Lidové Noviny (later known as Svobodné). For two years he worked on publicity for Lucernafilm, and in 1943 he studied animation at the AFIT Special Effects Studio. Soon after that, he did the animation of an octopus in the animated film Wedding in the Coral Sea, the first film of the future Bratri Triku Studio, which he joined after the war. He returned to animated film and collaborated with Trnka on the scripts for such films as The Gift, The Springer and the SS-Men, The Emperor's Nightingale, The Song of the Prairie, Old Czech Legends, Why UNESCO?, and A Midsummer Night's Dream. With Pojar he collaborated on A Drop Too Much, Fame, and Bombománie. During a career that lasted almost 40 years, he also collaborated on the scripts for a number of feature, live-action films, including The Emperor's Baker and the Baker's Emperor (with Fric); Wolf Trap (with Jiri Weiss); That Cat (with Vojt?ch Jasny); and Lost People (Miloš Makovec). He also adapted his own novel for Oldrich Lipsky's film Lemonade Joe.

In 1947 Brde?ka made his debut as a director of animated films, with Love and the Zeppelin, visually inspired by Art Nouveau. In this film he lovingly and humorously portrays the world of discoverers, inventors and pioneers of science. He returned to this theme on two more occasions, with the films How Man Learned to Fly and Man Under Water, which involve some of the most demanding material ever attempted by an animated film—particularly the sketch "Wisdom and Teaching." As J. Bocek has commented: "This animated ballet captures a philosophical debate between the author and the audience. The conflict between reason and feeling reflects nothing less than the basic issues of life and worldliness."

The Grotesque Chicken is Brde?ka's most famous film: it is his artistic declaration of faith in the imagination and in creativity. Many of his other films have their origin in a visual inspiration transformed into the grotesque—for example, Why Do You Smile, Mona Lisa? In others, particularly those inspired by music, Brdecka was attempting to impose on the serious, the tragic, and the lyrical his own touch of humour.

Brde?ka was the kind of intellectual filmmaker, rich in inventiveness, who fully mastered all the elements of cinematography. He portrayed with both cunning and a gentle irony the history of inventions, philosophical essays, folk songs, myths, and fairy tales. Above all, he was the consummate story-teller who was able to transform his visual, literary, and musical inspirations into individualistic works of art. He brought new ideas and new expressive means to both the animated and the feature film.

—Vladimir Op?la