Oceanography

Oceanography is the study of the oceans. Oceanography is an example of a science that involves diverse approaches; it is a combination of the sciences of biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and meteorology.

Physical oceanography is the study of ocean basin structures, water and sediment transportation, and the interplay between ocean water, air, and sediments and how this relationship effects processes such as tides, upwellings, temperature, and salinity. Findings aid oceanic engineers, coastal planners, and military defense strategists. Current areas of research include oceanic circulation—especially ocean currents and their role in predicting weather-related events—and changes in sea level and climate.

Chemical oceanography investigates the chemical make-up of the oceans. Many studies in this area are geared to understanding how to use the oceans’ resources to produce food for a growing population. In addition, the oceans may contain future sources of medicine, provide us with alternative energy, and help us to better protect our environment.

Even though the study of the oceans has entered the technological age, there is much we still do not know. Modern-day oceanographers use satellites to study changes in salt levels, temperature, currents, biological events, and transportation of sediments.

Biological oceanography involves the study of the known life forms in the ocean, and the constant discovery of new life forms. Oceanographers at institutions such as Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution realize that the ocean life we know of likely represents a fraction of the ocean’s life. The deep ocean, once thought to be devoid of life, in fact harbors a variety of life.