Av, Ninth of (Heb., Tishah be-Av). A day of mourning in the Jewish calendar for the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple. According to the Talmud, five disasters occurred on 9 Av: (i) the Israelites could not enter the Promised Land; (ii) and (iii) the first and second Temples were destroyed; (iv) the last Jewish stronghold in the Bar Kokhba war was destroyed; (v) Emperor Hadrian established a heathen temple in Jerusalem.

Ninth of Av (Heb., Tishah be-Av). Jewish fast day, which commemorates the destruction of the first and second Temples in 586 BCE and 70 CE.