Angola
Angola
Angola, former Portuguese colony and independent country in west central Africa since 1975. Angola was one of Brazil's major trading partners before 1850 and homeland of many enslaved Africans imported into Latin America. The meanings of "Angola" have changed over time. "Ngola" first referred to the ruler of Ndongo, then to the hinterland of Luanda, and finally to the region from Cape Lopez to Benguela in southern Angola. Africans identified as "Angolans" in Latin America generally came from the Portuguese-controlled central region of Angola, in particular the capital Luanda and the Kwanza River valley, and the region between and to the east of Kasanje. Major populations include the Kongo of northern Angola, the Mbundu in the center, the Lunda-Chokwe to the east, and the Ovimbundu and Ngangela in southern Angola.
See alsoAfrica, Portuguese; Slavery: Brazil; Slavery: Spanish America; Slave Trade.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Philip D. Curtin, The Atlantic Slave Trade (1969).
Mary C. Karasch, Slave Life in Rio de Janeiro, 1808–1850 (1987).
Joseph C. Miller, Way of Death (1988).
Additional Bibliography
Birmingham, David. Empire in Africa: Angola and Its Neighbors. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2006.
Rodrigues, Jaime. De costa a costa: Escravos, marinheiros e intermediários do tráfico negreiro de Angola ao Rio de Janeiro, 1780–1860. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras, 2005.
Mary Karasch