Guinn and Beal v. United States
GUINN AND BEAL V. UNITED STATES,
GUINN AND BEAL V. UNITED STATES, 238 U.S. 347 (1915), grew out of the attempt by the State of Oklahoma to include in its constitution, on a permanent basis, the grandfather-clause principle, a legal device that had been used by white southern legislators since the 1890s to prevent black Americans from voting. The Supreme Court decided that the provision represented a clear violation of the purpose and intent, if not the express provisions, of the Fifteenth Amendment.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Elliott, Ward E. Y. The Rise of Guardian Democracy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974.
Nieman, Donald G. Promises to Keep: African-Americans and the Constitutional Order, 1776 to the Present. New York: Oxford University Press, 1991.
W. BrookeGraves/a. r.
See alsoDisfranchisement ; Grandfather Clause ; Suffrage: African American Suffrage .