Pius XII

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Pius XII (1876–1958) Pope (1939–58), b. Eugenio Pacelli. Fearing political reprisals, he failed to denounce the Nazis and the persecution of Jews during World War II. He was more openly hostile to communism. On matters of doctrine, he maintained a conservative policy, although he appointed local bishops in non-Western countries and created a non-Italian majority among the cardinals.

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