LAST TANGO IN PARIS

(Le Dernier Tango à Paris; Ultimo tango a Parigi)

Italy-France, 1972

Director: Bernardo Bertolucci

Production: P.E.A. (Rome) and Artistes Associés (Paris); Technicolor, 35mm; running time: 126 minutes. Released 15 December 1972, Paris. Filmed 1971–72 in Paris.

Producer: Alberto Grimaldi; screenplay: Bernardo Bertolucci and Franco Arcalli; photography: Vittorio Storaro; editor: Franco Arcalli; sound: Antoine Bonfanti; production designer: Ferdinando Scarfiotti; music: Gato Barbieri; costume designer: Gitt Magrini.

Cast: Marlon Brando (Paul); Maria Schneider (Jeanne); Jean-Pierre Léaud (Tom); Massimo Girotti (Marcel); Maria Michi (Rosa's mother); Giovanna Galetti (Prostitute); Catherine Allegret (Catherine); Darling Legitimus (Landlady); Marie-Hélène Breillet (Monique); Catherine Breillet (Mouchette); Veronica Lazare (Rosa); Luce Marquand (Olympia); Gitt Magrini (Jeanne's mother); Rachel Kesterber (Christine); Armand Ablanalp (Prostitute's client); Mimi Pinson (Jury president); Ramon Mendizabal (Orchestra leader); Stephane Kosiak (Small dancer); Gérard Lepennec (Large dancer); Catherine Sola (TV script girl); Mauro Manchetti (TV cameraman); Dan Diament (TV sound engineer); Peter Schommer (TV assistant cameraman).

Awards: New York Film Critics Award, Best Actor (Brando), 1973.

Publications

Script:

Bertolucci, Bernardo, and Franco Arcalli, Last Tango in Paris, New York, 1973.

Books:

Carroll, Kent E., editor, Close Up—Last Tango in Paris, New York, 1973.

Mellen, Joan, Women and Sexuality in the New Film, New York, 1973.

Shipman, David, Brando, London, 1974.

Casetti, F., Bertolucci, Florence, 1975.

Braithwaite, Bruce, The Films of Marlon Brando, Secaucus, New Jersey, 1977.

Kuhlbrodt, Dietrich, and others, Bernardo Bertolucci, Munich, 1982.

Ungari, Enzo, Bertolucci, Milan, 1982.

Dowling, David, Marlon Brando, New York and London, 1984.

Carey, Gary, Marlon Brando: The Only Contender, London, 1985.

Kolker, Robert Phillip, Bernardo Bertolucci, London, 1985.

Higham, Charles, Brando: The Unauthorized Biography, London, 1987.

Kline, T. Jefferson, Bertolucci's Dream Loom: A PsychoanalyticStudy of the Cinema, Amherst, Massachusetts, 1987.

Kline, T. Jefferson, I film di Bernardo Bertolucci: Dialogo conBernardo Bertolucci, Rome, 1994.

Loshitzky, Yosefa, The Radical Faces of Godard and Bertolucci, Detroit, 1995.

Tonetti, Claretta Micheletti, Bernardo Bertolucci: The Cinema ofAmbiguity, New York, 1995.

Socci, Stefano, Bernardo Bertolucci, Milan, 1996.

Campani, Ermelinda M., L'anticonformista: Bernardo Bertolucci e ilsuo cinema, Firenze, 1998.

Articles:

Kovacs, Steven, in Take One (Montreal), November-December 1971.

Roud, Richard, in Sight and Sound (London), Summer 1972.

Kael, Pauline, in New Yorker, 28 October 1972.

Benayoun, Robert, in Point (Paris), 11 December 1972.

Baroncelli, Jean de, in Monde (Paris), 16 December 1972.

Björkman, S., "En Passion," in Chaplin (Stockholm), no. 1, 1973.

Amiel, M., "Bernardo Bertolucci: Au cinéma le temps se glisse entre les choses et les gens . . . ," in Cinéma (Paris), January 1973.

Time (New York), 22 January 1973.

Cremonini, G., in Cinema Nuovo (Turin), January-February 1973.

Turroni, G., in Filmcritica (Rome), January-February 1973.

Avant-Scène du Cinéma (Paris), February 1973.

Cornand, A., in Image et Son (Paris), February 1973.

Bertolucci, Bernardo, "Mon film n'est pas pornographique," in Avant-Scène du Cinéma (Paris), February 1973.

Martin, Michel, "Entretien avec Bernardo Bertolucci," in Ecran (Paris), February 1973.

Kovacs, S., in Take One (Montreal), March 1973.

Ciment, Michel and G. Legrand, "Entretien avec Bernardo Bertolucci," in Positif (Paris), March 1973.

Legrand, G., "The Last Time I Saw Hollywood," in Positif (Paris), March 1973.

Jebb, Julian, "The Unvisitable Past," in Sight and Sound (London), Spring 1973.

Bachmann, Gideon, "Every Sexual Relationship Is Condemned: Interview," in Film Quarterly (Berkeley), Spring 1973.

Mellen, Joan, "Sexual Politics and Last Tango in Paris," in FilmQuarterly (Berkeley), Spring 1973.

Buffa, M., in Filmcritica (Rome), April 1973.

Schober, S., in Filmkritik (Munich), April 1973.

Robinson, H., in Films in Review (New York), April 1973.

Gow, Gordon, in Films and Filming (London), May 1973.

Weinberg, H. G., "A Woman of Paris in 1973," in Take One (Montreal), May 1973.

Speziale-Bagliacca, R., "Tango tra un incognita e un passato irresuperabile," in Cinema Nuovo (Turin), May-June 1973.

Phelps, G., "Censorship and the Press," in Sight and Sound (London), Summer 1973.

Ebert, J., in Filmkritik (Munich), July 1973.

Bonitzer, P., "L'Expérience en intérieur," in Cahiers du Cinéma (Paris), July-August 1973.

Kinder, Marsha and Beverle Houston, "Bertolucci and the Dance of Danger," in Sight and Sound (London), Autumn 1973.

Rice, J. D., in Journal of Popular Film (Washington, D.C.), Spring 1974.

Sadkin, D., "Theme and Structure: Last Tango Untangled," in Literature/Film Quarterly (Salisbury, Maryland), Spring 1974.

"Bernardo Bertolucci Seminar," in American Film (Washington, D.C.), April 1974.

Kaplan, E. Ann, "The Importance and Ultimate Failure of Last Tangoin Paris," in Jump Cut (Chicago), November-December 1974.

Lopez, D., "The Father Figure in The Conformist and in Last Tangoin Paris," in Film Heritage (Dayton, Ohio), Summer 1976.

Frias, I. Leon, in Hablemos de Cine (Lima), June 1981.

Cinema Novo (Porto), 9 October 1983.

Barr, A., "The Better to See . . .: Improbable Vision in Last Tango inParis," in Film Criticism (Meadville, Maryland), Winter 1983.

Bundtzen, L. K., "Bertolucci's Erotic Politics and the Auteur Theory: From Last Tango in Paris to The Last Emperor," in WesternHumanities Review (Salt Lake City, Utah), no. 2, 1990.

Pal'tsev, N., and A. Shemiakin, "Poslednee tango v Parizhe—20 let spustia," in Iskusstvo Kino (Moscow), no. 11, 1992.

A piece of filmmaking that earned its creator a suspended two-month prison sentence in his native Italy and an X-rating in the U.S., Bernardo Bertolucci's Last Tango in Paris is a heartbreaking, revelatory masterpiece which has not aged one bit since its completion, a quarter of a century ago.

Although the plot concerns a private affair, the film's magnitude is that of a true tragedy, the genre that celluloid does not usually capture well. What makes it a tragedy is the intensity of its conflict that, as in Medea or Hamlet, can be solved by no means but one—death. Like any tragedy, classical or modern, Last Tango knows no compromise. Like any tragedy, it is inhabited by people who act according to the tragic inevitability and are led by destiny. Like any tragedy, this one has an epic dimension to it: it speaks of global changes and apocalyptic results. (That the two rare screen tragedies of recent decades— another one being Nagisa Oshima's In the Realm of the Senses—both tie together sex and death may say something about our times.)

Like most tragedies, Last Tango is about an end. Bertolucci's ambition goes further than a CAT scan of a relationship; the film depicts nothing less than the end of the modern age and character. Paul, the protagonist, who, having just lost his wife to suicide, begins a sexual relationship with a rival prospective tenant of a vacant Paris apartment, is an epitome of a modernist romantic. He is burdened by the past, rebellious against the present, and doomed for the future. That he is an American (something of a cultural virgin and an heir to Hemingway and Henry Miller) and the Marlon Brando of Streetcar Named Desire and On the Waterfront is essential. His anonymous, primal and ruthless engagement with Maria Schneider's Jeanne, who does not have a past and embodies, voluptuously, the bourgeois spirit, is juxtaposed with the cute, naive, "French" and Truffaut-esque romanticism of Jeanne's affair with Tom (Jean-Pierre Leaud). That affair lovingly mocks Vigo's "L'Atalante" and is decidedly anticlimactic. Unlike Leaud's Tom, who is an ever-filming filmmaker and a loveable impotent, Brando's Paul is virile, but cannot express himself—an Artaud without an art. Moving by the modernist trajectory, he strives to abandon culture and go back to nature; to create a world outside the real world; to reinvent the language; to start all over again. This is why Last Tango is rooted in sex, and this is why the sex in it is so fierce and unerotic. In its relentless deconstruction of the norm, modernist art arrives at the darkness of "The Black Square," the silence of John Cage, the filmlessness of Stan Brakhage. Paul, in turn, falls in love, and thus fails his quest. Like another American in Europe, Jack Nicholson's Passenger, he finds it not possible to rewrite his identity or to regain the paradise lost.

Brando as Paul is a model of acting exorcism. He growls and weeps and dashes around like a caged animal; the whole world is his cage. His intensity is so high that even today, when we know what has happened with the great Marlon Brando, one fears that he will burn out there on the screen, like an overcharged fuse.

Vittorio Storaro's breathtaking camera films Brando and Schneider against the sunset spectrum of red, orange, yellow and pink—painful colors of Francis Bacon, the modernist painter who influenced Bertolucci's vision. Gato Barbieri's Latin saxophone produces swirls and crescendos that add to the desperation of the screen image.

Being one of the most intelligent films ever made, Last Tango is also one of the most honest. It keeps no defenses, it takes everything off—the characters, the filmmakers, and ourselves.

—Michael Brashinsky