Clay-Hard Pan
Clay-hard pan
A compacted subsurface soil layer. Hard pans are frequently found in soils that have undergone significant amounts of weathering . Clay will accumulate below the surface and cause the subsoil to be dense, making it difficult for roots and water to penetrate. Soils with clay pans are more susceptible to water erosion . Clay pans can be broken by cultivation, but over time they will re-form.
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Clay-Hard Pan