abundance of elements
abundance of elements Universe: It is estimated that up to 99% of the known universe is made up of hydrogen and helium, with hydrogen in a ratio of 20:1 to helium and some 10,000:1 of other elements. The next, in order, are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, silicon, magnesium, neon, sulphur and iron.
Earth's crust1 | % | Living things | % | Sea water2 | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Igneous rocks in the lithosphere | |||||
2 Average ocean concentration | |||||
Oxygen | 46.6 | Oxygen | 62.0 | Oxygen | 85.7 |
Silicon | 27.7 | Carbon | 20.0 | Hydrogen | 10.7 |
Aluminium | 8.1 | Hydrogen | 10.0 | Chlorine | 1.9 |
Iron | 5.0 | Nitrogen | 3.0 | Sodium | 1.1 |
Calcium | 3.6 | Calcium | 2.5 | Magnesium | 0.1 |
Sodium | 2.8 | Phosphorous | 1.14 | ||
Potassium | 2.6 | Chlorine | 0.16 | ||
Magnesium | 2.1 | Sulphur | 0.14 | ||
Titanium | 0.44 | Potassium | 0.11 | ||
Hydrogen | 0.14 |
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abundance of elements