Nicholson, Jack 1937–

PERSONAL

Original name, John Joseph Nicholson; born April 22 (some sources cite April 28), 1937, in Neptune, NJ; son of June Nicholson (a dancer and secretary); grandson of John "Jack" (a sign painter and window dresser) and Ethel May (a beautician and operator of a beauty shop) Nicholson; married Sandra Knight (an actress), June 17, 1962 (some sources cite 1961; divorced August 8, 1968 [some sources cite 1966]); children: (first marriage) Jennifer (a designer and actress); (with Rebecca Broussard, an actress) Lorraine, Raymond; some sources cite children with Susan Anspach (an actress). Education: Studied acting with Jeff Corey and with other drama teachers. Avocational Interests: Sports, especially basketball, golf, collecting art, reading.

Addresses: Agent—Bresler, Kelly and Associates, 11500 West Olympic Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90064-1529.

Career: Actor, director, producer, and writer. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios, messenger in cartoon department, 1957; Players Ring Theatre, member of troupe, 1957–58. Appeared in public service announcements. T.E.N. Productions, founder, 1985; affiliated with B.B.S. Productions. Military service: Some sources cite service in the U.S. Air National Guard.

Member: Screen Actors Guild, Directors Guild of America, Writers Guild of America, West.

Awards, Honors: New York Film Critics Circle Award, best supporting actor, 1969, Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award and National Society of Film Critics Award, both best supporting actor, Golden Laurel Award, male supporting performance, Academy Award nomination, best actor in a supporting role, Golden Globe Award nomination, best supporting actor, and Film Award nomination, best supporting actor, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, all 1970, all for Easy Rider; Academy Award nomination, best actor in a leading role, Golden Globe Award nomination, best motion picture actor—drama, and Golden Laurel Award second place, best dramatic performance, male, all 1971, for Five Easy Pieces; Golden Palm Award nomination, Cannes International Film Festival, 1971, for Drive, He Said; Golden Laurel Award nomination, star, male, 1971; Golden Globe Award nomination, best motion picture actor—drama, 1972, for Carnal Knowledge; Academy Award nomination, best actor in a leading role, and Golden Globe Award nomination, best motion picture actor—drama, both 1973, and Cannes International Film Festival Award, best actor, all for The Last Detail; Golden Globe Award, best motion picture actor—drama and Academy Award nomination, best actor in a leading role, both 1974, and Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award, best actor, all for Chinatown; New York Film Critics Circle Award, best actor, 1974, National Society of Film Critics Award, best actor, 1975, and Film Award, best actor, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, 1975, all for both The Last Detail and Chinatown; Fotogramas de Plata, best foreign movie performer, 1975; Academy Award, best actor in a leading role, Golden Globe Award, best motion picture actor—drama, National Society of Film Critics Award, National Board of Review Award, and New York Film Critics Circle Award, all best actor, all 1975, David Award, best foreign actor, David di Donatello awards, 1976, Film Award, best actor, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, c. 1976, and Sant Jordi Award, best foreign actor, 1977, all for One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest; National Board of Review Award, best supporting actor, Academy Award nomination, best actor in a supporting role, and Golden Globe Award nomination, best motion picture actor in a supporting role, all 1981, Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award and Boston Society of Film Critics Award, both best supporting actor, 1982, and Film Award, best supporting actor, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, c. 1982, all for Reds; Academy Award, best actor in a supporting role, Golden Globe Award, best performance by an actor in a supporting role in a motion picture, National Board of Review Award, New York Film Critics Circle Award, and Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award, all best supporting actor, all 1983, National Society of Film Critics Award, Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award, and Boston Society of Film Critics Award, all best supporting actor, 1984, all for Terms of Endearment; New York Film Critics Circle Award, best actor, 1985, Golden Globe Award, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—comedy/musical, National Society of Film Critics Award and Boston Society of Film Critics Award, both best actor, and Academy Award nomination, best actor in a leading role, all 1986, for Prizzi's Honor; New York Film Critics Circle Award, best actor, 1987, for The Witches of Eastwick, Ironweed, and Broadcast News; Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award, best actor, 1987, for Ironweed and The Witches of Eastwick; Grammy Award (with Bobby McFerrin), best children's recording, National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences, 1987, for Elephant's Child; Academy Award nomination, best actor in a leading role, and Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—drama, both 1988, for Ironweed; Saturn Award, best actor, Academy of Science Fiction, Horror, and Fantasy Films, 1988, for The Witches of Eastwick; named a Commander des Arts et Lettres, France, 1990; Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—comedy/musical, 1990, Film Award nomination, best actor in a supporting role, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, 1990, and Saturn Award nomination, best actor, 1991, all for Batman; National Board of Review Award, best supporting actor, 1992, Southeastern Film Critics Association Award, best supporting actor, Academy Award nomination, best actor in a supporting role, Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a supporting role in a motion picture, and MTV Movie Award nominations, best male performance and best villain, all 1993, all for A Few Good Men; Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—drama, 1993, for Hoffa; Lifetime Achievement Award, American Film Institute, 1994; Saturn Award nomination, best actor, 1995, for Wolf; Golden Satellite Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—comedy or musical, International Press Academy, 1997, for Mars Attacks!; received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, 1997; named one of the top 100 movie stars of all time, Empire magazine, 1997; National Board of Review Award, best actor, 1997, runner-up for Toronto Film Critics Association Award, best actor, c. 1997, Academy Award, best actor in a leading role, Golden Globe Award, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—comedy/musical, Screen Actors Guild Award, outstanding performance by a male actor in a leading role, Golden Satellite Award, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—comedy or musical, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, best actor, American Comedy Award, funniest actor in a motion picture in a leading role, and Online Film Critics Society Award, best actor, all 1998, ALFS Award, actor of the year, London Critics Circle Film awards, and Blockbuster Entertainment Award nomination, favorite actor—video, both 1999, all for As Good As It Gets; Jack Webb Award, Los Angeles Police Department, 1998; Cecil B. DeMille Award, Golden Globe awards, Hollywood Foreign Press Association, 1999; Kennedy Center Honors Lifetime Achievement Award, John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts, 2001; Stanislavsky Prize, Moscow International Film Festival, 2001; Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award and Washington, DC Area Film Critics Association Award, both best actor, 2002, Golden Globe Award, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—drama, Broadcast Film Critics Association Award and Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award, both best actor, Academy Award nomination, best actor in a leading role, Screen Actors Guild Award nomination, outstanding performance by a male actor in a leading role, Golden Satellite Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a motion picture, drama, Film Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a leading role, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, Phoenix Film Critics Society Award nomination, best actor in a leading role, Chicago Film Critics Association Award nomination and Online Film Critics Society Award nomination, both best actor, all 2003, all for About Schmidt; Teen Choice Award nomination, choice movie hissy fit, 2003, for Anger Management; Golden Globe Award nomination, best performance by an actor in a motion picture—musical or comedy, 2004, for Something's Gotta Give; Marquee Award, CineVegas International Film Festival, 2004; Die Goldene Kamera (Golden Camera Award [Germany]), best international actor, 2004; named one of the greatest movie stars of all time, Premiere magazine, 2005; Nicholson's performances in the films The Last Detail and One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest were named two of the 100 greatest performances of all time, Premiere magazine, 2006; Nicholson's performances in the films The Shining and Batman were named to the 100 heroes and villains list, American Film Institute, 2006; Nicholson's performances in the films Chinatown and The Shining were named two of the 100 greatest movie characters of all time, Premiere magazine.

CREDITS

Film Appearances:

Jimmy Wallace (title role), Cry Baby Killer, Allied Artists, 1958.

Buddy, Too Young to Love (also known as Too Soon to Love), Rank, 1959.

Johnny Varron, The Wild Ride (also known as Velocity), The Filmgroup, 1960.

Weary Reilly, Studs Lonigan, United Artists, 1960.

Wilbur Force, The Little Shop of Horrors (also known as The Passionate People Eater), The Filmgroup, 1960.

Will Brocious, The Broken Land, Twentieth Century. Fox, 1961.

Roxford Bedlo, The Raven, American International Pictures, 1962.

Lieutenant Andre Duvalier, The Terror (also known as The Castle of Terror, The Haunting, and Lady of the Shadows), American International Pictures, 1963.

Burnett, Back Door to Hell, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1964.

Dolan, Ensign Pulver, Warner Bros., 1964.

Wes, Ride in the Whirlwind (also known as Ride the Whirlwind), Twentieth Century-Fox, 1965.

Jay Wickham, Flight to Fury, Feature Films, 1966.

Billy Spear, The Shooting, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1967.

Gino (hit man), The St. Valentine's Day Massacre, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1967.

Poet, Hells Angels on Wheels, U.S. Films, 1967.

(Uncredited; in archive footage) Actor in scenes from The Terror, Targets (also known as Before I Die), Paramount, 1968.

Himself, Head (also known as Changes, DASturb, and Untitled), Columbia, 1968.

Stoney, Psych-Out (also known as Revolt of the Flower People), Columbia, 1968.

George Hanson, Easy Rider (also known as The Loners), Columbia, 1969.

Bunny, Rebel Rousers, Four Star Excelsior, 1970.

Robert Eroica Dupea, Five Easy Pieces, Columbia, 1970.

Tad Pringle, On a Clear Day You Can See Forever (musical), Paramount, 1970.

Himself, Chronicles: Van's Last Performance (documentary), 1971.

Jonathan Fuerst, Carnal Knowledge, Avco-Embassy, 1971.

Mitch, A Safe Place, Columbia, 1971.

David Staebler, The King of Marvin Gardens (also known as The Philosopher King), Columbia, 1972.

"Badass" Billy Buddusky, The Last Detail, Columbia, 1973.

J. J. "Jake" Gittes, Chinatown, Paramount, 1974.

Oscar Sullivan, The Fortune (also known as Spite and Malice), Columbia, 1974.

David Locke, Professione: reporter (also known as The Passenger, Profession: Reporter, and El reportero), Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists, 1975.

Randle Patrick "R. P." McMurphy, One Flew over the Cuckoo's Nest, United Artists, 1975.

The specialist, Tommy (rock opera; also known as Tommy by "The Who," Tommy: The Movie, and The Who's "Tommy"), Columbia, 1975.

Brimmer, The Last Tycoon, Paramount, 1976.

Tom Logan, The Missouri Breaks, Warner Bros., 1976.

Henry Lloyd Moon, Goin' South, Paramount, 1978.

Jack Torrance, The Shining (also known as Stanley Kubrick's "The Shining"), Warner Bros., 1980.

Charlie Smith, The Border, Universal, 1981.

Eugene "Gene" O'Neill, Reds, Warner Bros., 1981.

Frank Chambers, The Postman Always Rings Twice (also known as Wenn der Postmann zweimal klingelt), Paramount, 1981.

(Uncredited) Star of The Postman Always Rings Twice, Notre Dame de la croisette, 1981.

Garrett Breedlove, Terms of Endearment (also known as Terms of Endearment xxx), Paramount, 1983.

(In archive footage) Jack Torrance, Terror in the Aisles (also known as Time for Terror), Universal, 1984.

Charlie Partanna, Prizzi's Honor, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1985.

Mark Louis Forman, Heartburn, Paramount, 1986.

Bill Rorich, Broadcast News, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1987.

Daryl Van Horne, The Witches of Eastwick, Warner Bros., 1987.

Francis Phelan, Ironweed, TriStar, 1987.

The Joker/Jack Napier, Batman, Warner Bros., 1989.

J. J. "Jake" Gittes, The Two Jakes, Paramount, 1991.

Colonel Nathan R. Jessup, A Few Good Men, Columbia, 1992.

Eugene Earl Axline (also known as Harry Bliss), Man Trouble, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1992.

James R. "Jimmy" Hoffa (title role), Hoffa, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1992.

(In archive footage) Himself, The Making of"… And God Spoke" (also known as … And God Spoke), LIVE Entertainment, 1994.

Will Randall, Wolf, Columbia, 1994.

Freddy Gale, The Crossing Guard, Miramax, 1995.

Garrett Breedlove, The Evening Star, Paramount, 1996.

President James Dale and Art Land, Mars Attacks!, Warner Bros., 1996.

Alex Gates, Blood & Wine, Twentieth Century-Fox/Fox Searchlight Pictures, 1997.

Melvin Udall, As Good as It Gets (also known as Old Friends), Sony Pictures Entertainment, 1997.

Himself, Junket Whore (documentary), 1998.

Jerry Black, The Pledge, Warner Bros., 2000.

Himself, Stanley Kubrick: A Life in Pictures (documentary), Warner Bros., 2001.

(In archive footage) Himself, The Kid Stays In the Picture (documentary), Focus Features/USA Films, 2002.

Warren Schmidt, About Schmidt, New Line Cinema, 2002.

Dr. Buddy Rydell, Anger Management, Columbia, 2003.

Harry Sanborn, Something's Gotta Give (also known as Untitled Nancy Meyers Project), Warner Bros., 2003.

Frank Costello, The Departed (also known as Infernal Affairs), Warner Bros., 2006.

The Bucket List, 2007.

Film Director:

(Uncredited) The Terror (also known as The Castle of Terror, The Haunting, and Lady of the Shadows), American International Pictures, 1963.

Drive, He Said, Columbia, 1970.

Goin' South, Paramount, 1978.

The Two Jakes, Paramount, 1991.

Film Producer:

Ride in the Whirlwind (also known as Ride the Whirlwind), Twentieth Century-Fox, 1965.

Flight to Fury, Feature Films, 1966.

The Shooting, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1967.

(With Bob Rafelson) Head (also known as Changes, DASturb, and Untitled), Columbia, 1968.

(With Steve Blauner) Drive, He Said, Columbia, 1970.

Blue Champagne, 1992.

Film Work; Other:

Film mentor, Eyeball Eddie (short film), Pupil Productions, 2000.

Television Appearances; Specials:

Himself, Making "The Shining" (short documentary), 1980.

Himself, Live Aid, multiple networks, 1985.

Narrator, Elephant's Child (animated), Showtime, 1987.

Michael Landon: Memories with Laughter and Love, NBC, 1991.

(In archive footage) Ca detourne (animated), [France], 1992.

(In archive footage) The specialist, The Who's "Tommy," the Amazing Journey, 1993.

An American Reunion: New Beginnings, Renewed Hope, 1993.

Narrator, "How the Camel Got His Hump" and "How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin," Celebrate Storytelling with Danny Glover (animated), PBS, 1994.

(In archive footage) Himself, Hey, Hey We're the Monkees (documentary), The Disney Channel, 1997.

Narrator, Getting the Goods on "As Good As It Gets," 1997.

(In archive footage) Himself, Warner Bros., 75th Anniversary: No Guts, No Glory, TNT, 1998.

America's Millennium, CBS, 1999.

(In archive footage) Himself, Gimme Some Truth: The Making of the "Imagine" Album, Bravo, 2000.

(Uncredited; in archival footage) Himself in preproduction footage from Head, Hollywood Rocks the Movies: The Early Years (1955–1970), American Movie Classics, 2000.

Himself, America: A Tribute to Heroes, multiple networks, 2001.

David, Afterthoughts (short documentary), 2002.

(Uncredited) Himself, Playboy: Inside the Playboy Mansion, Arts and Entertainment, 2002.

Back in the U.S., ABC, 2002.

(In archive footage) Daryl Van Horne, Cher: The Farewell Tour, NBC, 2003.

AFI's 100 Years … 100 Heroes and Villains (also known as AFI's 100 Years, 100 Heroes and Villains: America's Greatest Screen Characters), CBS, 2003.

Himself, Mouthing Off: 51 Greatest Smartasses, Comedy Central, 2004.

Himself, Shelter from the Storm: A Concert for the Gulf Coast, multiple networks, 2005.

(Uncredited; in archive footage) Jack Torrance, Alberto Iglesias, el musico fiel, Canal+ Espana, 2006.

Appeared in other programs.

Television Appearances; Awards Presentations:

Presenter, The 44th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1972.

The 48th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1976.

Presenter, The 49th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1977.

Presenter, The 50th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1978.

The American Film Institute Salute to John Huston, CBS, 1983.

The 56th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1984.

The 58th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1986.

The 60th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1988.

Presenter, The 62nd Annual Academy Awards Presentation, ABC, 1990.

The 33rd Annual Grammy Awards, CBS, 1991.

Presenter, The 65th Annual Academy Awards Presentation (also known as The 65th Annual Academy Awards), ABC, 1993.

The American Film Institute Salute to Jack Nicholson (also known as The AFI Salute to Jack Nicholson), CBS, 1994.

(Uncredited) Presenter, The 67th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1995.

A Salute to Steven Spielberg (also known as The AFI Salute to Steven Spielberg, The American Film Institute Salute to Steven Spielberg, and The 23rd American Film Institute Life Achievement Award: A Salute to Steven Spielberg), NBC, 1995.

A Salute to Clint Eastwood (also known as The AFI Salute to Clint Eastwood, The American Film Institute Salute to Clint Eastwood, and The 24th American Film Institute Life Achievement Award: A Salute to Clint Eastwood), ABC, 1996.

(Uncredited) The 70th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 1998.

Presenter, Fifth Annual Screen Actors Guild Awards (also known as Screen Actors Guild Fifth Annual Awards), TNT, 1999.

Presenter, The 71st Annual Academy Awards Presentation, ABC, 1999.

The 56th Annual Golden Globe Awards, NBC, 1999.

A Salute to Dustin Hoffman (also known as The 27th American Film Institute Life Achievement Award: A Salute to Dustin Hoffman), ABC, 1999.

Presenter, The 72nd Annual Academy Awards Presentation (also known as The 72nd Annual Academy Awards), ABC, 2000.

The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS, 2001.

A Tribute to Barbra Streisand (also known as 29th American Film Institute Life Achievement Award: A Salute to Barbra Streisand), Fox, 2001.

The 75th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 2003.

The 60th Annual Golden Globe Awards, NBC, 2003.

(Uncredited) Gandalf in opening segment, The 76th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 2004.

Presenter, The 61st Annual Golden Globe Awards, NBC, 2004.

AFI Lifetime Achievement Award: A Tribute to Meryl Streep (also known as AFI Tribute to Meryl Streep), USA Network, 2004.

The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts, CBS, 2004.

Presenter, The 78th Annual Academy Awards, ABC, 2006.

Television Appearances; Episodic:

Tony Morgan, Hawaiian Eye, ABC, 1959.

Martin, "Operation Fortuna," Mr. Lucky, CBS, 1960.

"Anniversary Party," Mr. Lucky, CBS, 1960.

"The Mink Coat," The Barbara Stanwyck Show, NBC, 1960.

Bob Doolin, "The Equalizer," Bronco, ABC, 1961.

Tom Washburn, "That Washburn Girl," Tales of Wells Fargo, NBC, 1961.

"Round Up," Sea Hunt, syndicated, 1961.

Tony Morgan, "Total Eclipse," Hawaiian Eye, ABC, 1962.

(Uncredited) Crew member, "The Lost Bomb," Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea, ABC, 1966.

Jaime Angel, "Out of a Concrete Tower," Dr. Kildare, NBC, 1966.

Jaime Angel, "A Patient Lost," Dr. Kildare, NBC, 1966.

Jaime Angel, "The Taste of Crow," Dr. Kildare, NBC, 1966.

Jamie Angel, "What Happened to All the Sunshine and Roses?," Dr. Kildare, NBC, 1966.

Mr. Garland, "Opie Finds a Baby," The Andy Griffith Show (also known as Andy of Mayberry), CBS, 1966.

"The Encroachment," Dr. Kildare, NBC, 1966.

Marvin Jenkins, "Aunt Bee, the Juror," The Andy Griffith Show (also known as Andy of Mayberry), CBS, 1967.

Tom Murdoch, "A Son for a Son," The Guns of Will Sonnett, ABC, 1967.

Himself, "Jack Nicholson fait de la photo," Cinema cinemas, [France], 1990.

(Uncredited) Himself, Saturday Night Live (also known as NBC's "Saturday Night," Saturday Night, Saturday Night Live '80, SNL, and SNL 25), NBC, 1997.

Himself, "Cannes Festival 2002," Leute heute, Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (ZDF, Germany), 2002.

(In archive footage) Himself, Celebrities Uncensored, E! Entertainment Television, 2003.

Himself, Tinseltown TV(also known as Tinseltown.TV), International Channel, 2003.

Himself, "Jack Nicholson," Biography (also known as A & E Biography: Jack Nicholson), Arts and Entertainment, 2004.

(In archive footage) Himself, 101 Biggest Celebrity Oops (also known as E's "101"), E! Entertainment Television, 2004.

Himself, "Jack Nicholson," The E! True Hollywood Story (also known as THS), E! Entertainment Television, 2005.

(In archive footage) Himself, Corazon de …, Television Espanola (TVE, Spain), 2005.

(Uncredited; in archive footage) 80s, Televisio de Cata-lunya (TV3, Spain), 2005.

Himself, The Oprah Winfrey Show (also known as Oprah), syndicated, 2006.

Appeared in other programs, including Cheyenne, ABC; and Divorce Court, syndicated; and appeared in an interview on E! Entertainment Television.

Stage Appearances:

The World of Nick Adams (staged reading), Kodak Theatre, Hollywood, CA, 2002.

Appeared in Tea and Sympathy, Hollywood, CA.

RECORDINGS

Videos:

Playboy: Playmate Pajama Party, Playboy Entertainment Group/Uni Distribution, 1999.

My Buddy Jack (also known as Spotlight on Jack Nicholson), Columbia, 2003.

Skull Session: The Making of "Anger Management' (also known as The Making of "Anger Management"), Columbia, 2003.

Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight—The Gathering Storm, Warner Home Video, 2005.

Shadows of the Bat: The Cinematic Saga of the Dark Knight—The Legend Reborn, Warner Home Video, 2005.

Audiobooks; with Music by Bobby McFerrin:

How the Rhinoceros Got His Skin/How the Camel Got His Hump, Rabbit Ears Music, 1985.

Elephant's Child, Critique Records, 1987.

WRITINGS

Screenplays:

(With Don Devlin) Thunder Island, Associated Producers, 1963.

Ride in the Whirlwind (also known as Ride the Whirlwind), Twentieth Century-Fox, 1965.

Flight to Fury, Feature Films, 1966.

The Shooting, Twentieth Century-Fox, 1967.

The Trip, American International Pictures, 1967.

(With Bob Rafelson) Head (also known as Changes, DASturb, and Untitled), Columbia, 1968.

(With Jeremy Larner) Drive, He Said (adapted from the novel by Larner), Columbia, 1970.

Goin' South, Paramount, 1978.

(With Adam Sandler) Anger Management, Columbia, 2003.

Film Music; Songs:

"Ditty Diego," Head (also known as Changes, DASturb, and Untitled), Columbia, 1968.

Nonfiction; with Others:

(Author of foreword) Scott Osler and Steve Springer, Winnin' Times: The Magical Journey of the Los Angeles Lakers, Macmillan, 1986.

(Author of introduction) Eric Morris and Joan Hotchkis, No Acting Please, Ermor Enterprises, 1995.

(Author of introduction) Tommy Baratta and Marylou Baratta, Cooking for Jack, Pocket Books, 1997.

OTHER SOURCES

Books:

Bingham, Dennis, Acting Male: Masculinities in the Films of James Stewart, Jack Nicholson, and Clint Eastwood, Rutgers University Press, 1994.

Brode, Douglas, The Films of Jack Nicholson, Citadel, 1996.

Campbell, Nancy and Jackie Shirley, Jack Nicholson, Smithmark Publishing, 1994.

Crane, Robert David, Jack Nicholson, Face to Face, M. Evans & Co., 1975.

Dowling, David, Jack Nicholson, Stein & Day, 1984.

International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers, Volume 3: Actors and Actresses, St. James Press, 2000.

McGilligan, Patrick, Jack's Life: A Biography of Jack Nicholson, W. W. Norton & Company, 1995.

Parker, John, Wild: The Biography of Jack Nicholson, John Blake, 2005.

Shepard, Donald, Jack Nicholson: An Unauthorized Biography, St. Martin's Press, 1991.

Siegel, Barbara and Scott Siegel, Jack Nicholson: The Unauthorized Biography, Avon, 1991.

Sylvester, David, Jack Nicholson, Scribner, 1982.

Thompson, Peter, Jack Nicholson: The Life and Times of an Actor on the Edge, Birch Lane Press, 1997.

Periodicals:

American Film, January/February, 1984.

Biography, August, 1998, pp. 16-17.

Cosmopolitan, September, 1994, p. 236.

Empire, October, 1997, p. 188; September, 2004.

Entertainment Weekly, October 9, 1998, p. 20; January 3, 2003, pp. 18-25; November 4, 2005, pp. 11-12.

Films Illustrated, October, 1971.

Interview, April, 2003, pp. 148-53.

Los Angeles Times, June 8, 2004.

Newsweek, December 16, 2002, pp. 60-64.

New York Times, July 13, 1986.

New York Times Magazine, September 10, 1989, pp. S28-S30.

People Weekly, December 16, 2002, p. 97.

Premiere, September, 1990, pp. 58-68.

Prevue, November, 1990, p. 38.

Radio Times, August 20, 1994, pp. 28-29.

Rolling Stone, March 29, 1984; November 5, 1987, pp. 236-39; March 19, 1998, pp. 36-40.

Swank, July, 1982, pp. 32-34, 72, 74.

Time, August 12, 1974.

Tropopkin, March, 1994.

US, July, 1994.

Vanity Fair, April, 1994, pp. 118-25.