GRAHAM, Dominick S(tuart) 1920-

PERSONAL: Born July 24, 1920, in Somerset, England; son of Fergus Reginald Winsford and Egeria Marion Spottiswood (Baker) Graham; married Mary Lady Bell, September 16, 1991; children: Anita Caroline, Patricia Robin. Education: University of New Brunswick, B.A., M.A., 1962; University of London, Ph.D., 1969. Hobbies and other interests: Skiing, sailing, travel, gardening, chess.

ADDRESSES: Home—The Hollis, East Rounton, Northallerton, North Yorkshire DL6 2LG, England.

CAREER: St. John High School, St. John, New Brunswick, Canada, mathematics teacher; University of New Brunswick, New Brunswick, military history professor, 1964-86, department of national defense chair for military studies, 1971-86, founder of Centre for Conflict Studies, 1980, professor emeritus, 1986—. Visiting lecturer at Canadian and U.S. military colleges. Member of history advisory committee, U.S. Air Force. Participated in 1956 Winter Olympics in cross country skiing. Military service: British Armed Forces, 1939-58; during World War II served in Battle of Britain, Norway, Normandy, and the Rhineland; prisoner of war, 1942-43; awarded Military Cross.

MEMBER: Army and Navy Club, Pall Mall Club.

AWARDS, HONORS: Norwegian Ski Council Award, Canadian Ski Marathon, 1986.

WRITINGS:

Cassino, Ballantine Books (New York, NY), 1971.

(With Shelford Bidwell) Fire-Power: British Army Weapons and Theories of War, 1904-1945, Allen & Unwin (Boston, MA), 1982.

(With Shelford Bidwell) Tug of War: The Battle for Italy, 1943-1945, St. Martin's (New York, NY), 1986.

(With Shelford Bidwell) Coalitions, Politicians, and Generals: Some Aspects of Command in Two World Wars, Brassey's (London, England), 1993.

The Price of Command: A Biography of General Guy Simmonds, Stoddart (Toronto, Ontario, Canada), 1993.

Against Odds: Reflections on the Experiences of the British Army, 1914-1945, St. Martin's (New York, NY), 1999.

SIDELIGHTS: Dominick S. Graham began his military career at the age of nineteen when he joined the British army. Serving during World War II, he participated in the Battle of Britain and became a prisoner of war in 1942, escaping the following year. Twice wounded, his heroics during the war earned him the Military Cross. Retiring from military service in 1958, Graham went on to study military history. While working toward his doctorate, he began a professional association with the University of New Brunswick that has lasted through much of his academic career. Teaching undergraduate and graduate courses in history, he also became director of the university's military and strategic studies program in the 1970s, founded its Centre for Conflict Studies, and published a number of academic works on military history.

Graham's Tug of War: The Battle for Italy, 1943-1945, written with Shelford Bidwell, explores the contentious relationships between British and American commanders during the Allied campaign against Italy in World War II. The authors analyze the personalities and styles of Dwight D. Eisenhower, the leader of the Allied forces in Europe, and Sir Harold Alexander, the British commander in chief. Pointing out the men's shared qualities, the authors comment that "neither could make a military plan and stick to it through political and military vicissitudes." In presenting their theories, Graham and Bidwell cite a wide range of documentary sources, including German war diaries, recorded interviews with German generals, and the previously unpublished journal of General Kirkman of the 13th Corps. Reviewing Tug of War for the Times Literary Supplement, Raleigh Trevelyan wrote, "Their exhaustive researches give a good idea of how no battle can follow textbook rules, and how so much depends on the unexpected, and indeed on the caliber of ordinary fighting men."

Coalitions, Politicians, and Generals: Some Aspects of Command in Two World Wars, also written with Bidwell, is a collection of essays that touch on the subject of technology's influence on military decision making during the period 1914 to 1945. One notable piece, "Logistics: Neglect and Mischief," focuses on the topics of the interplay of politics and logistic mistakes experienced by American commanders during World War II. Theodore A. Wilson, a reviewer for the Journal of Military History, cited both positive and negative aspects of this collection, writing that it "is marked by penetrating observation, occasional disregard for the context in which policies developed, [and] arguments skewed by dependence on a limited range of archival documents, and well-aimed salvos of vituperation."

In Against Odds: Reflections on the Experiences of the British Army, 1914-1945, Graham presents a critical reflection from the distance of some fifty years on the actions of the British army during the two world wars. Glyn Harper commented in the Journal of Military History that while the "factual framework unfortunately contains many errors that spoil the book's overall worth . . . there are many things to like about the book," adding that Graham's "reflections on the Montgomery/Eisenhower/Bradley relationship should promote further debate and this is to be welcomed."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

BOOKS

Graham, Dominick S., and Shelford Bidwell, Tug of War: The Battle for Italy, 1943-1945, St. Martin's (New York, NY), 1986.

PERIODICALS

American Historical Review, February, 1989, M. Van Crevel, review of Tug of War: The Battle for Italy, 1943-1945, p. 78.

Journal of Military History, January, 1996, Theodore A. Wilson, review of Coalitions, Politicians, and Generals: Some Aspects of Command in Two World Wars, pp. 167-169; January, 2000, Glyn Harper, review of Against Odds: Reflections on the Experiences of the British Army, 1914-1945, p. 219.

Library Journal, June 15, 1986, Dennis Showalter, review of Tug of War, p. 66.

New York Times, August 17, 1986, Hal Goodman, review of Tug of War, p. 23.

New York Times Book Review, August 17, 1986, Hal Goodman, review of Tug of War, p. 23.

Publishers Weekly, June 13, 1986, Genevieve Stuttaford, review of Tug of War, p. 229.

Times Literary Supplement, January 23, 1987, Raleigh Trevelyan, review of Tug of War, p. 78.*