DASSIN, Jules

Nationality: American. Born: Middletown, Connecticut, 12 December 1911. Education: Morris High School, the Bronx, New York. Family: Married 1) Beatrice Launer, 1933 (divorced 1962), one son, two daughters; 2) actress Melina Mercouri, 1966. Career: Member of Artef Players (Jewish socialist theatre collective), 1936; directed first Broadway production, Medicine Show, 1939; contracted to RKO (moved to MGM after eight months), Hollywood, 1940; left MGM and worked with producer Mark Hellinger, 1946; named by Edward Dmytryk and Frank Tuttle in HUAC testimony as member of Hollywood "Communist faction," 1951; subpoenaed by HUAC, 1952; moved to Europe, 1953. Awards: Best Director Award (shared), Cannes Festival, for Rififi, 1955. Address: 25 Anagnostopoulou St., Athens, Greece.

Films as Director:

1941

The Tell-Tale Heart (short)

1942

Nazi Agent; The Affairs of Martha (Once upon a Thursday); Reunion (Reunion in France; Mademoiselle France)

1943

Young Ideas

1944

The Canterville Ghost

1946

A Letter for Evie; Two Smart People

1947

Brute Force

1948

The Naked City

1949

Thieves' Highway

1950

Night and the City

1955

Du Rififi chez les hommes (Rififi) (+ co-sc, role as jewel thief under pseudonym Perlo Vita)

1958

Celui qui doit mourir (He Who Must Die) (+ co-sc)

1959

La legge (La Loi) (released in U.S. 1960 as Where the HotWinds Blow) (+ sc)

1960

Pote tin kyriaki (Never on Sunday) (+ pr, sc, role)

1962

Phaedra (+ pr, co-sc)

1964

Topkapi (+ pr)

1966

10:30 p.m. Summer (+ co-pr, sc, bit role)

1967

Survival 67 (+ co-pr, appearance) (documentary)

1968

Uptight! (+ pr, co-sc)

1971

La Promesse de l'aube (Promise at Dawn) (+ pr, sc, role as Ivan Mozhukhin under pseudonym Perlo Vita)

1974

The Rehearsal (+ sc)

1978

A Dream of Passion (+ pr, sc)

1980

Circle of Two (released in USA 1982)

Publications

By DASSIN: articles—

Interview with Claude Chabrol and François Truffaut, in Cahiers duCinéma (Paris), April and May 1955.

Interview with Cynthia Grenier, in Sight and Sound (London), Winter 1957/58.

Interview with George Bluestone, in Film Culture (New York), February 1958.

"I See Dassin Make the Law," interview with John Lane, in Filmsand Filming (London), September 1958.

"Style and Instinct," interview with Gordon Gow, in Films andFilming (London), February and March 1970.

"'A Dream of Passion': An Interview with Jules Dassin," with D. Georgakas and P. Anastasopoulos, in Cinéaste (New York), Fall 1978.

On DASSIN: books—

Ferrero, Adelio, Jules Dassin, Parma, 1961.

McArthur, Colin, Underworld USA, London, 1972.

Schuster, Mel, The Contemporary Greek Cinema, Metuchen, New Jersey, 1979.

Arnold, Frank, and Michael Esser, Hommage fur Melina Mercouriund Jules Dassin, Berlin, 1984.

Siclier, Fabrien, and Jacques Levy, Jules Dassin, Paris, 1986.

On DASSIN: articles—

Alpert, Hollis, "Greek Passion," in Saturday Review (New York), 20 December 1958.

Hammel, F., "A Director's Return," in Cue (New York), 10 March 1962.

"Jules Dassin," in Film Dope (London), April 1976.

Horton, A., "Jules Dassin: A Multi-national Filmmaker Considered," in Film Criticism (Meadville, Pennsylvania), Spring 1984.

Kozloff, S.R., "Humanizing the Voice of God: Narration in TheNaked City," in Cinema Journal (Austin), vol. 23, no. 4, Summer 1984.

Film a Doba (Prague), February 1987.

Cieutat, Michel, "Trois exilés du maccarthyisme en Europe: Berry, Losey, Dassin," in Cinémaction (Courbevoie), July 1990.

Sight and Sound (London), October 1993.

Lewis, Kevin, "Love and Noir with Jules Dassin," in DGA Magazine (Los Angeles), April-May 1995.

Hanisch, Michael, "Fremder in Hollywood," in Film-Dienst (Cologne), 17 December 1996.

Between the mid-1940s and the late 1950s, Jules Dassin directed some of the better realistic, hard-bitten, fast-paced crime dramas produced in America, before his blacklisting and subsequent move to Europe. However, while he has made some very impressive films, his career as a whole is lacking in artistic cohesion.

Dassin's films are occasionally innovative: The Naked City is one of the first police dramas shot on location, on the streets of New York; Rififi is a forerunner of detailed jewelry heist dramas, highlighted by a thirty-five-minute sequence chronicling the break-in, shot without a word of dialogue or note of music; Never on Sunday, starring his wife Melina Mercouri as a happy hooker, made the actress an international star, won her an Academy Award nomination, and popularized in America the Greek bouzouki music. The Naked City and Rififi are particularly exciting, as well as trend-setting, while Brute Force remains a striking, naturalistic prison drama, with Burt Lancaster in one of his most memorable early performances and Hume Cronyn wonderfully despicable as a Hitlerish guard captain. Thieves' Highway, also shot on location, is a vivid drama of truck driver Richard Conte taking on racketeer Lee J. Cobb.

Topkapi is a Rififi remake, with a delightful touch of comedy. Many of Dassin's later films, such as Brute Force and Thieves'Highway, attempt to observe human nature: they focus on the individual fighting his own demons while trying to survive within a chaotic society. For example, in A Dream of Passion, an updating of Sophocles' Medea, an American woman is jailed in Greece for the murder of her three children; Up Tight, the filmmaker's first American-made release after the McCarthy hysteria, is a remake of The Informer set in a black ghetto. Unfortunately, they are all generally flawed: with the exception of Never on Sunday and Topkapi, his collaborations with Melina Mercouri (from He Who Must Die to A Dream of Passion) are disappointing, while Up Tight pales beside the original. Circle of Two, with teenager Tatum O'Neal baring her breasts for aging Richard Burton, had a limited release. Dassin's early triumphs have been obscured by his more recent fiascos, and as a result his critical reputation is now irrevocably tarnished.

The villain in his career is the blacklist, which tragically clipped his wings just as he was starting to fly. Indeed, he could not find work in Europe for five years, as producers felt American distributors would automatically ban any film with his signature. When Rififi opened, critics wrote about Dassin as if he were European. The New York Herald Tribune reported in 1961, "At one ceremony, when the award to Rififi was announced, (Dassin) was called to the dais, and a French flag was raised above him. 'It should have been a moment of triumph but I feel awful. They were honoring my work and I'm an American. It should have been the American flag raised in honor."' The blacklist thus denied Jules Dassin his roots. In 1958, it was announced that he was planning to adapt James T. Farrell's Studs Lonigan, a project that was eventually shelved. It is one more tragedy of the blacklist that Dassin was not allowed to follow up Brute Force, The Naked City, and Thieves' Highway with Studs Lonigan.

—Rob Edelman