RAINS, Claude

Nationality: American. Born: William Claude Rains in London, England, 10 November 1889; son of the actor and film director Frederick William Rains; became U.S. citizen, 1938. Family: Married 1) the actress Isabel Jeans, 1913 (divorced); 2) the actress Marie Hemingway, 1920 (divorced 1920); 3) Beatrix Thomson, 1924 (divorced 1935); 4) Francis Propper, 1935 (divorced 1956), daughter: Jennifer; 5) Agi Jambor, 1959 (divorced 1959); 6) Rosemary Clark, 1960. Career: 1900—stage debut as boy singer in Sweet Nell of Old Drury; then callboy, prompter, and assistant stage manager at His Majesty's Theatre, London; 1911—adult stage debut in Gods of the Mountain; 1912—U.S. stage debut in tour with Granville Barker's troupe in Androcles and the Lion; 1915–19—served with the London Scottish regiment: Captain; after the war, returned to the stage; also taught at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art, London; 1920—film debut in Build Thy House; 1926—stayed in the United States after tour with The Constant Nymph; 1928–33—contract with Theatre Guild: in Volpone, Marco Millions, The Apple Cart and other plays; 1933—U.S. film debut in The Invisible Man; 1949—speaker with the Philadelphia Orchestra for Copland's A Lincoln Portrait; 1954—in T. S. Eliot's The Confidential Clerk on Broadway. Died: 30 May 1967.

Films as Actor:

1920

Build Thy House (Goodwins) (as Clarkis)

1933

The Invisible Man (Whale) (as Dr. Jack Griffin)

1934

Crime without Passion (Hecht and MacArthur) (as Lee Gentry)

1935

The Man Who Reclaimed His Head (Ludwig) (as Paul Verin);The Clairvoyant (Elvey) (as Maximus); The Mystery of Edwin Drood (Walker) (as John Jasper); The Last Outpost(Barton) (as John Stevenson)

1936

Anthony Adverse (LeRoy) (as Don Luis); Hearts Divided(Borzage) (as Napoleon Bonaparte); Stolen Holiday (Curtiz)(as Stefan Orloff)

1937

The Prince and the Pauper (Keighley) (as Earl of Hertford);They Won't Forget (LeRoy) (as District Attorney Griffin)

1938

Gold Is Where You Find It (Curtiz) (as Col. Ferris); The Adventures of Robin Hood (Curtiz and Keighley) (as Prince John); White Banners (Goulding) (as Paul Ward);Four Daughters (Curtiz) (as Adam Lemp)

1939

They Made Me a Criminal (Berkeley) (as Detective Phelan);Juarez (Dieterle) (as Napoleon III); Sons of Liberty (Curtiz)(as Haym Solomon); Daughters Courageous (Curtiz) (as Jim Masters); Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (Capra) (as Senator Joseph Harrison Payne); Four Wives (Curtiz) (asAdam Lemp)

1940

Saturday's Children (Sherman) (as Mr. Halevy); The Sea Hawk (Curtiz) (as Don Jose Alvarez de Cordoba); The Lady with Red Hair (Bernhardt) (as David Belasco)

1941

Four Mothers (Keighley) (as Adam Lemp); Here Comes Mr. Jordan (Hall) (title role); The Wolf Man (Waggner) (as Sir John Talbot); Kings Row (Wood) (as Dr. Alexander Tower)

1942

Moontide (Mayo) (as Nutsy); Now, Voyager (Rapper) (as Dr.Jasquith); Casablanca (Curtiz) (as Louis Renault)

1943

The Phantom of the Opera (Lubin) (title role); Forever and a Day (Wilcox) (as Ambrose Pomfret)

1944

Passage to Marseilles (Curtiz) (as Capt. Freycinet); Mr. Skeffington (Sherman) (title role)

1945

This Love of Ours (Dieterle) (as Targel); Strange Holiday(Oboler) (as John Stephenson)

1946

Angel on My Shoulder (Mayo) (as the Devil); Caesar and Cleopatra (Pascal) (title role); Notorious (Hitchcock) (asAlexander Sebastian); Deception (Rapper) (as Alexander Hollenius)

1947

The Unsuspected (Curtiz) (as Victor Grandison)

1948

The Passionate Friends (Lean) (as Howard Justin)

1949

Rope of Sand (Dieterle) (as Arthur Martingale); Song of Surrender (Leisen) (as Elisha Hunt)

1950

The White Tower (Tetzlaff) (as Paul Delambre); Where Danger Lives (Farrow) (as Frederic Lannington)

1951

Sealed Cargo (Werker) (as Capt. Skalder)

1953

The Paris Express (The Man Who Watched Trains Go By)(French) (as Kees Popinga)

1956

Lisbon (Milland) (as Aristedes Mavros)

1959

This Earth Is Mine (Henry King) (as Philippe Rambeau)

1960

The Lost World (Allen) (as Prof. George Edward Challenger);II planet degli uomini spenti (Battle of the Worlds) (Dawson)

1961

The Pied Piper of Hamelin (Windust) (as Mayor of Hamelin)

1962

Lawrence of Arabia (Lean) (as Dryden)

1963

Twilight of Honor (The Charge Is Murder) (Sagal) (asArt Harner)

1965

The Greatest Story Ever Told (Stevens) (as King Herod)

Publications

By RAINS: article—

Interview by H. Hall, in Motion Picture Magazine, March 1935.

On RAINS: books—

De Marinis, Rick, A Lovely Monster: The Adventures of Claude Rains and Dr. Tellenbeck (novel), New York, 1975.

Wallis, Hal, and Charles Higham, Starmaker, New York, 1980.

Soister, John T., Claude Rains: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference to His Work in Film, Stage, Radio, Television & Recordings, Jefferson, 1999.

On RAINS: articles—

Current Biography 1949, New York, 1949.

Stein, Jeanne, "Claude Rains," in Films in Review (New York), November 1963.

Obituary in New York Times 31 May 1967.

Richards, Jeffrey, "In Praise of Claude Rains," and "Claude Rains—a Career to Remember," in Films and Filming (London), February and March 1982.

One of the greatest advantages of the Hollywood studio system was the chance it afforded actors to develop their careers through steady employment and carefully developed roles over a long number of years. This was particularly true for those performers who excelled in character parts and supporting roles, as audiences came to recognize their faces and appreciate their work in a way that is no longer possible today. Of this group, Claude Rains enjoyed one of Hollywood's most successful careers, bringing his combination of sophistication, subtlety, and dry wit to a remarkably varied selection of roles. Rains also achieved a distinction rare among supporting players—sufficient individual popularity to allow him occasional starring roles as well. His ability to transcend the supporting category placed him in an unusual position among his contemporaries as one of the few character actors who was also a star.

Rains had reached middleage and established himself as an accomplished stage actor in London and New York before his distinguished speaking voice won him the leading role in The Invisible Man. Rain's face appears only briefly in the film, after the character's death renders him visible again, but the strength of his vocal performance alone launched the actor's career in Hollywood. His work in films over the next three decades would win him four Academy Award nominations and include performances in such classic features as The Adventures of Robin Hood, Casablanca, and Notorious.

Rains followed The Invisible Man with a starring role in Crime without Passion, in which he portrays a man driven to the brink of madness by an unhappy love affair. Rains would play similar characters in subsequent films, as his reserved, ironic manner proved an ideal mask for slowly crumbling sanity. Yet his range as an actor was extraordinary, and he portrayed villains and sympathetic heroes with equal ease, a facility which was put to frequent use during his years under contract to Warner Brothers. In 1938 he portrayed the dastardly King John in The Adventures of Robin Hood back to back with his warmhearted performance as the father of a family of girls in Four Daughters. The following year brought his first Oscar nomination, as best supporting actor, for his role as the corrupt senator who retains a spark of decency in Capra's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington.

His performance in the Capra film exemplifies Rains's ability to portray characters who remain charming—and sometimes sympathetic—in spite of their actions. As Louis Renault, the sardonic French police captain who collaborates with the Germans in Casablanca, Rains remains an engaging figure throughout the film, and his eventual decision to join Humphrey Bogart in the Resistance comes as no great surprise. In Alfred Hitchcock's Notorious, Rains gives one of his finest performances as the Nazi sympathizer whose obsessive love for American agent Ingrid Bergman makes him a complex, pathetic figure and causes his final downfall.

Rains also appeared in several films opposite Bette Davis, then at the height of her Hollywood career. In Now, Voyager, one of the classic "women's films" of the 1940s, he portrays Davis's wise, understanding psychiatrist, while his performance as her adoring, long-suffering husband in Mr. Skeffington brought him another Oscar nomination. The pairing of Davis's electric screen presence with Rains's precise, assured style lends a particular chemistry to their films together.

Rains's work in later years included roles in Lawrence of Arabia, Twilight of Honor, and The Greatest Story Ever Told, and he remained, until the end of his career, an actor of consummate professionalism and skill.

—Janet E. Lorenz