chemical elements
Name | Symbol | Atomic number | Relative atomic mass1 | Valency point °C | Melting point °C | Boiling Point °C | Date of discovery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 Relative atomic mass: values given in parentheses are for radioactive elements whose relative atomic mass cannot be given precisely without knowledge of origin, and is the atomic mass number of the isotope of longest known half-life | |||||||
2 Also called hahnium, nielsbohrium, rutherfordium, or element 105 | |||||||
3 Also called unnilquadium (Unq) or element 104 | |||||||
4 Also called wolfram | |||||||
Actinium | Ac | 89 | (227) | ―― | 1230 | 3200 | 1899 |
Aluminium | Al | 13 | 26.98154 | 3 | 660.2 | 2350 | 1827 |
Americium | Am | 95 | (243) | 3, 4, 5, 6 | 995 | 2600 | 1944 |
Antimony | Sb | 51 | 121.75 | 3.5 | 630.5 | 1750 | c.1000 bc |
Argon | Ar | 18 | 39.948 | 0 | ―189.4 | ―185.9 | 1894 |
Arsenic | As | 33 | 74.9216 | 3.5 | 613 | ―― | 1250 |
Astatine | At | 85 | (210) | 1, 3, 5, 7 | 302 | 377 | 1940 |
Barium | Ba | 56 | 137.34 | 2 | 725 | 1640 | 1808 |
Berkelium | Bk | 97 | (247) | 3, 4 | 986 | ―― | 1949 |
Beryllium | Be | 4 | 9.01218 | 2 | 1285 | 2470 | 1798 |
Bismuth | Bi | 83 | 208.9804 | 3, 5 | 271.3 | 1560 | 1753 |
Boron | B | 5 | 10.81 | 3 | 2079 | 3700 | 1808 |
Bromine | Br | 35 | 79.904 | 1, 3, 5, 7 | ―7.2 | 58.8 | 1826 |
Cadmium | Cd | 48 | 112.40 | 2 | 320.9 | 765 | 1817 |
Caesium | Cs | 55 | 132.9054 | 1 | 284 | 678 | 1860 |
Calcium | Ca | 20 | 40.08 | 2 | 839 | 1484 | 1808 |
Californium | Cf | 98 | (251) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1950 |
Carbon | C | 6 | 12.011 | 2.4 | 3550 | 4200 | ―― |
Cerium | Ce | 58 | 140.12 | 3, 4 | 798 | 3257 | 1803 |
Chlorine | Cl | 17 | 35.453 | 1, 3, 5, 7 | ―101 | ―34.6 | 1774 |
Chromium | Cr | 24 | 51.996 | 2, 3, 6 | 1890 | 2672 | 1797 |
Cobalt | Co | 27 | 58.9332 | 2, 3 | 1495 | 2870 | 1735 |
Copper | Cu | 29 | 63.546 | 1, 2 | 1083 | 2567 | c.8000 bc |
Curium | Cm | 96 | (247) | 3 | 1340 | ―― | 1944 |
Dubnium3 | Db | 104 | (261) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1969 |
Dysprosium | Dy | 66 | 162.50 | 3 | 1409 | 2335 | 1896 |
Einsteinium | Es | 99 | (254) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1952 |
Erbium | Er | 68 | 167.26 | 3 | 1522 | 2863 | 1843 |
Europium | Eu | 63 | 151.96 | 2, 3 | 822 | 1597 | 1896 |
Fermium | Fm | 100 | (257) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1952 |
Fluorine | F | 9 | 18.9984 | 1 | ―219.6 | ―188.1 | 1886 |
Francium | Fr | 87 | (223) | 1 | 30 | 650 | 1939 |
Gadolinium | Gd | 64 | 157.25 | 3 | 1311 | 3233 | 1880 |
Gallium | Ga | 31 | 69.72 | 2, 3 | 29.78 | 2403 | 1875 |
Germanium | Ge | 32 | 72.59 | 4 | 937.4 | 2830 | 1886 |
Gold | Au | 79 | 196.9665 | 1, 3 | 1063 | 2800 | ―― |
Hafnium | Hf | 72 | 178.49 | 4 | 2227 | 4602 | 1923 |
Helium | He | 2 | 4.0026 | 0 | ―272 | 268.9 | 1895 |
Holmium | Ho | 67 | 164.9304 | 3 | 1470 | 2300 | 1878 |
Hydrogen | H | 1 | 1.0079 | 1 | ―259.1 | ―252.9 | 1766 |
Indium | In | 49 | 114.82 | 3 | 156.6 | 2080 | 1863 |
Iodine | I | 53 | 126.9045 | 1, 3, 5, 7 | 113.5 | 184.4 | 1811 |
Iridium | Ir | 77 | 192.22 | 3, 4 | 2410 | 4130 | 1804 |
Iron | Fe | 26 | 55.847 | 2, 3 | 1540 | 2760 | c.4000 bc |
Krypton | Kr | 36 | 83.80 | 0 | ―156.6 | ―152.3 | 1898 |
Lanthanum | La | 57 | 138.9055 | 3 | 920 | 3454 | 1839 |
Lawrencium | Lr | 103 | (256) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1961 |
Lead | Pb | 82 | 207.2 | 2, 4 | 327.5 | 1740 | ―― |
Lithium | Li | 3 | 6.941 | 1 | 180.5 | 1347 | 1817 |
Lutetium | Lu | 71 | 174.97 | 3 | 1656 | 3315 | 1907 |
Magnesium | Mg | 12 | 24.305 | 2 | 648.8 | 1090 | 1808 |
Manganese | Mn | 25 | 54.9380 | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 | 1244 | 1962 | 1774 |
Mendelevium | Md | 101 | (258) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1955 |
Mercury | Hg | 80 | 200.59 | 1, 2 | ―38.9 | 356.6 | c.1500 bc |
Molybdenum | Mo | 42 | 95.94 | 3, 4, 6 | 2610 | 5560 | 1778 |
Neodymium | Nd | 60 | 144.24 | 3 | 1010 | 3068 | 1885 |
Neon | Ne | 10 | 20.179 | 0 | ―248.7 | ―246.1 | 1898 |
Neptunium | Np | 93 | 237.0482 | 4, 5, 6 | 640 | 3902 | 1940 |
Nickel | N i | 28 | 58.70 | 2, 3 | 1453 | 2732 | 1751 |
Niobium | Nb | 41 | 92.9064 | 3, 5 | 2468 | 4742 | 1801 |
Nitrogen | N | 7 | 14.0067 | 3, 5 | ―210 | ―195.8 | 1772 |
Nobelium | No | 102 | (255) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1958 |
Osmium | Os | 76 | 190.2 | 2, 3, 4, 8 | 3045 | 5027 | 1903 |
Oxygen | O | 8 | 15.9994 | 2 | ―218.4 | ―183 | 1774 |
Palladium | Pd | 46 | 106.4 | 2, 4, 6 | 1552 | 3140 | 1803 |
Phosphorus | P | 15 | 30.97376 | 3, 5 | 44.1 | 280 | 1669 |
Platinum | Pt | 78 | 195.09 | 2, 4 | 1772 | 3800 | 1735 |
Plutonium | Pu | 94 | (244) | 3, 4, 5, 6 | 641 | 3232 | 1940 |
Polonium | Po | 84 | (209) | ―― | 254 | 962 | 1898 |
Potassium | K | 19 | 39.098 | 1 | 63.2 | 777 | 1807 |
Praseodymium | Pr | 59 | 140.9077 | 3 | 931 | 3512 | 1885 |
Promethium | Pm | 61 | (145) | 3 | 1080 | 2460 | 1941 |
Protactinium | Pa | 91 | 231.0359 | ―― | 1200 | 4000 | 1913 |
Radium | Ra | 88 | 226.0254 | 2 | 700 | 1140 | 1898 |
Radon | Rn | 86 | (222) | 0 | ―71 | ―61.8 | 1899 |
Rhenium | Re | 75 | 186.207 | ―― | 3180 | 5627 | 1925 |
Rhodium | Rh | 45 | 102.9055 | 3 | 1966 | 3727 | 1803 |
Rubidium | Rb | 37 | 85.4678 | 1 | 38.8 | 688 | 1861 |
Ruthenium | Ru | 44 | 101.07 | 3, 4, 6, 8 | 2310 | 3900 | 1827 |
Samarium | Sm | 62 | 150.35 | 2, 3 | 1072 | 1791 | 1879 |
Scandium | Sc | 21 | 44.9559 | 3 | 1539 | 2832 | 1879 |
Selenium | Se | 34 | 78.96 | 2, 4, 6 | 217 | 684.9 | 1817 |
Silicon | Si | 14 | 28.086 | 4 | 1410 | 2355 | 1823 |
Silver | Ag | 47 | 107.868 | 1 | 961.9 | 2212 | c.4000 bc |
Sodium | Na | 11 | 22.98977 | 1 | 97.8 | 882 | 1807 |
Strontium | Sr | 38 | 87.62 | 2 | 769 | 1384 | 1808 |
Sulphur | S | 16 | 32.06 | 2, 4, 6 | 112.8 | 444.7 | ―― |
Tantalum | Ta | 73 | 180.9479 | 5 | 2996 | 5425 | 1802 |
Technetium | Tc | 43 | (97) | 6, 7 | 2172 | 4877 | 1937 |
Tellurium | Te | 52 | 127.60 | 2, 4, 6 | 449.5 | 989.8 | 1782 |
Terbium | Tb | 65 | 158.9254 | 3 | 1360 | 3041 | 1843 |
Thallium | Tl | 81 | 204.37 | 1, 3 | 303.5 | 1457 | 1861 |
Thorium | Th | 90 | 232.0381 | 4 | 1750 | 4790 | 1828 |
Thulium | Tm | 69 | 168.9342 | 3 | 1545 | 1947 | 1879 |
Tin | Sn | 50 | 118.69 | 2, 4 | 232 | 2270 | c.3500 bc |
Titanium | Ti | 22 | 47.90 | 3, 4 | 1660 | 3287 | 1791 |
Tungsten§ | W | 74 | 183.85 | 6 | 3410 | 5660 | 1783 |
Unnilpentium2 | Unp | 105 | (262) | ―― | ―― | ―― | 1970 |
Uranium | U | 92 | 238.029 | 4, 6 | 1132 | 3818 | 1789 |
Vanadium | V | 23 | 50.9414 | 3, 5 | 1890 | 3380 | 1801 |
Xenon | Xe | 54 | 131.30 | 0 | ―111.9 | ―107.1 | 1898 |
Ytterbium | Yb | 70 | 173.04 | 2, 3 | 824 | 1193 | 1907 |
Yttrium | Y | 39 | 88.9059 | 3 | 1510 | 3300 | 1828 |
Zinc | Zn | 30 | 65.38 | 2 | 419.6 | 907 | 1800 |
Zirconium | Zr | 40 | 91.22 | 4 | 1852 | 4377 | 1789 |