2001 Norfolk, Virginia (ORF)

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2001 NORFOLK, VIRGINIA (ORF)

The city of Norfolk, Virginia, is located near the coast and the southern border of the state. It is almost surrounded by water, with the Chesapeake Bay immediately to the north, Hampton Roads to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean only 18 miles to the east. It is traversed by numerous rivers and waterways and its average elevation above sea level is 13 feet. There are no nearby hilly areas and the land is low and level throughout the city. The climate is generally marine. The geographic location of the city with respect to the principal storm tracks, is especially favorable, being south of the average path of storms originating in the higher latitudes and north of the usual tracks of hurricanes and other tropical storms.

The winters are usually mild, while the autumn and spring seasons usually are delightful. Summers, though warm and long, frequently are tempered by cool periods, often associated with northeasterly winds off the Atlantic. Temperatures of 100 degrees or higher occur infrequently. Extreme cold waves seldom penetrate the area and temperatures of zero or below are almost nonexistent. Winters pass, on occasion, without a measurable amount of snowfall. Most of the snowfall in Norfolk is light and generally melts within 24 hours.

Based on the 1951–1980 period, the average first occurrence of 32 degrees Fahrenheit in the fall is November 17 and the average last occurrence in the spring is March 23.

NORMALS, MEANS, AND EXTREMES

NORFOLK, VA (ORF)

LATITUDE:    LONGITUDE:    ELEVATION (FT):    TIME ZONE:    WBAN: 13737

36 54′ 13″ N  76 11′ 31″ W  GRND:  66  BARO:  69  EASTERN (UTC + 5)

ELEMENTPORJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECYEAR
TEMPERATURE FNORMAL DAILY MAXIMUM3047.349.757.966.975.382.986.485.179.669.561.252.267.8
MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM5448.750.958.168.075.983.587.285.580.170.161.352.368.5
HIGHEST DAILY MAXIMUM537882889710010110310499958680104
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197019971990196019911964199319801983195419741991AUG 1980
MEAN OF EXTREME MAXS.5470.472.479.886.690.995.396.895.491.884.678.472.284.6
NORMAL DAILY MINIMUM3030.932.339.347.156.865.270.069.464.252.943.835.450.6
MEAN DAILY MINIMUM5432.333.539.848.057.365.870.969.864.353.143.635.551.2
LOWEST DAILY MINIMUM53-381828364554494527207-3
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198519651980198219661967197919821967197619501983JAN 1985
MEAN OF EXTREME MINS.5417.019.926.935.144.454.461.660.352.138.529.421.038.4
NORMAL DRY BULB3039.141.048.657.066.174.178.277.271.961.252.543.859.2
MEAN DRY BULB5440.542.249.058.066.674.678.977.672.261.652.543.959.8
MEAN WET BULB1837.539.344.151.860.368.468.871.762.857.048.740.754.3
MEAN DEW POINT1831.032.637.245.455.164.565.768.759.552.343.134.649.1
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
MAXIMUM 90300.00.00.00.41.55.910.98.62.80.10.00.030.2
MAXIMUM 32303.31.30.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.01.05.7
MINIMUM 323018.015.56.00.40.00.00.00.00.00.23.013.156.2
MINIMUM 030*0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0
H/CNORMAL HEATING DEG. DAYS3080367250824951000111643806573495
NORMAL COOLING DEG. DAYS3000098527740937821846001422
RHNORMAL (PERCENT)3066666563697173757472686769
HOUR 01 LST3071717172808284858481757277
HOUR 07 LST3073737472777982848382787478
HOUR 13 LST3058565450555659616158565857
HOUR 19 LST3065646259656670737473686667
SPERCENT POSSIBLE SUNSHINE3253566063626762626158565460
W/OMEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
HEAVY FOG(VISBY 1/4 MI)532.12.52.01.51.81.00.51.01.22.11.92.119.7
THUNDERSTORMS530.40.61.92.75.05.68.16.52.71.30.50.435.7
CLOUDINESSMEAN:
SUNRISE-SUNSET (OKTAS)485.05.04.94.64.94.74.74.64.54.24.44.84.7
MIDNIGHT-MIDNIGHT (OKTAS)324.74.74.44.24.64.44.54.44.24.04.14.44.4
MEAN NO. DAYS WITH:
CLEAR488.88.18.98.87.77.57.47.99.111.610.39.4105.5
PARTLY CLOUDY486.56.27.69.310.011.712.011.99.57.27.96.8106.6
CLOUDY4815.713.914.511.913.310.811.611.311.512.211.714.8153.2
PRMEAN STATION PRESSURE(IN)2930.1030.0930.0030.0029.9929.9930.0130.0030.0030.1030.0930.0930.04
MEAN SEA-LEVEL PRES. (IN)1830.1130.1130.0530.0030.0130.0130.0230.0330.0730.1130.1230.1230.06
WINDSMEAN SPEED (MPH)4911.311.812.211.810.39.69.08.79.710.110.410.810.5
PREVAIL. DIR (TENS OF DEGS)3336360422222323220505232323
MAXIMUM 2-MINUTE:
SPEED (MPH)543414136403636463629313746
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)02072206072803110601202611
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE200019981999199820001998199719981999199919992000AUG 1998
MAXIMUM 5-SECOND:
SPEED (MPH)554534944525851674640434767
DIR. (TENS OF DEGS)02342203062904222933172522
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE199819991999200020001998199720001999199920002000AUG 2000
PRECIPITATIONNORMAL (IN)303.783.473.703.063.813.825.064.813.903.152.853.2344.64
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)539.938.2110.367.2510.129.7214.3714.3213.8010.127.016.1014.37
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198719981994198419791963199419921979197119511983JUL 1994
MINIMUM MONTHLY (IN)531.050.840.750.430.640.370.360.740.260.010.080.670.01
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE198119911986198519911954199319751986200020011988OCT 2000
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)533.804.784.025.903.416.855.6411.406.797.293.352.7611.40
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE196719981994199119801963196919641959199919521983AUG 1964
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
PRECIPITATION 0.013010.710.310.49.89.99.711.110.17.77.47.79.5114.3
PRECIPITATION 1.00300.80.70.70.80.91.11.51.31.20.80.50.610.9
SNOWFALLNORMAL (IN)303.13.91.20.10.00.00.00.00.00.00.*0.58.8
MAXIMUM MONTHLY (IN)4914.224.413.71.2TT0.0T0.00.00.614.724.4
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE196619891980196419941990199119501958FEB 1989
MAXIMUM IN 24 HOURS (IN)499.114.29.91.2TT0.0T0.00.00.611.414.2
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE197319891980196419941990199119501958FEB 1989
MAXIMUM SNOW DEPTH (IN)4991414000000001114
YEAR OF OCCURRENCE1966198019801958MAR 1980
NORMAL NO. DAYS WITH:
SNOWFALL 1.0300.90.80.20.*0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.22.1
PRECIPITATION (inches) 2001 NORFOLK, VA (ORF)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19722.943.502.552.153.354.934.651.606.914.095.444.1246.23
19732.543.214.693.443.625.934.197.920.861.371.905.8345.50
19743.522.985.163.343.744.765.478.334.401.231.223.8147.96
19754.184.185.724.193.371.1613.730.744.823.191.633.6250.53
19762.511.502.210.993.741.595.192.623.512.902.383.2232.36
19773.332.234.052.203.862.412.704.573.006.095.413.9243.77
19786.321.917.802.905.647.844.191.661.171.504.402.3147.64
19796.475.015.137.0010.122.974.691.7913.801.745.260.9864.96
19804.542.914.403.255.171.391.854.541.474.212.012.6438.38
19811.052.261.882.262.755.005.106.873.183.281.785.7741.18
19823.355.813.041.713.074.225.836.513.634.253.434.3049.15
19832.216.234.556.133.523.840.773.074.525.293.246.1049.47
19842.774.665.097.256.231.507.662.251.940.572.682.2244.82
19853.983.532.020.433.236.816.141.896.363.925.710.7944.81
19862.522.710.753.311.411.512.594.800.261.671.213.7426.48
19879.933.112.303.832.652.983.202.047.001.813.512.3344.69
19883.122.702.113.535.493.832.935.691.742.854.020.6738.68
19892.705.808.503.622.975.104.867.495.102.943.693.8656.63
19903.262.933.493.553.793.514.0611.851.003.731.682.6745.52
19914.740.844.706.390.644.546.463.772.044.651.722.4342.92
19924.482.072.631.263.462.224.5214.322.062.854.263.1547.28
19934.892.365.913.592.882.790.361.454.143.400.973.2936.03
19944.063.6410.360.563.521.2714.373.652.022.505.251.2052.40
19952.402.802.952.762.424.541.781.505.054.822.941.8635.82
19965.493.043.464.943.596.607.465.192.724.712.873.8653.93
19972.092.943.213.011.661.107.851.761.974.314.942.6437.48
19986.028.214.154.313.994.563.918.472.251.731.835.3354.76
19993.512.333.293.663.853.606.174.4713.168.241.401.7155.39
20005.071.132.403.704.058.317.528.356.250.011.670.9749.43
20011.462.164.731.482.896.914.404.212.460.750.081.8333.36
POR=131 YRS3.403.363.803.243.664.035.555.313.853.122.593.1145.02
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE (F) 2001 NORFOLK, VA (ORF)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
197246.443.249.056.463.570.577.675.871.959.251.649.259.5
197340.539.752.358.566.976.978.378.575.064.253.546.260.9
197448.643.453.160.866.872.878.377.471.458.753.546.060.9
197546.045.447.452.768.377.078.679.672.363.455.743.260.8
197638.949.953.461.966.375.978.275.971.157.745.941.459.7
197729.241.554.761.968.274.381.481.076.360.554.843.560.6
197837.032.646.157.265.674.176.180.573.260.856.045.358.7
197939.433.349.158.166.770.477.178.572.860.456.444.958.9
198040.334.746.558.667.873.980.980.976.160.449.942.359.4
198132.743.145.461.265.178.379.875.170.759.650.741.058.6
198235.442.048.855.069.473.478.675.370.060.254.448.859.3
198340.240.851.055.765.873.080.379.072.862.752.641.659.6
198435.546.745.455.667.876.276.778.470.566.949.950.960.0
198534.940.451.862.068.874.278.277.273.465.960.341.260.7
198639.342.149.957.367.676.182.176.672.465.454.944.860.7
198739.638.747.554.668.377.082.479.674.356.654.346.059.9
198837.342.549.556.565.873.680.180.870.556.954.242.459.2
198945.343.650.156.565.678.579.277.773.962.753.334.860.1
199047.350.253.258.766.675.580.678.071.665.955.050.562.8
199143.546.052.761.672.876.282.079.572.361.952.747.662.4
199242.745.048.858.262.472.081.875.673.559.753.844.659.8
199344.239.146.857.368.576.183.478.974.661.353.541.560.4
199436.543.451.764.764.979.683.077.672.462.057.550.162.0
199545.141.551.760.467.975.883.380.172.265.548.440.061.0
199638.741.345.058.865.275.277.774.972.461.846.546.758.7
199741.346.051.554.664.072.079.176.472.062.150.343.559.4
199846.547.250.858.967.575.979.078.975.361.952.648.761.9
199946.144.547.658.066.573.981.179.572.161.555.545.861.0
200040.245.153.057.570.376.176.376.671.562.149.338.259.7
200139.344.046.558.266.575.876.378.870.461.356.049.760.2
POR=127 YRS41.142.248.957.566.774.778.877.672.462.152.343.859.8

REFERENCE NOTES:

PAGE 1:

THE TEMPERATURE GRAPH SHOWS NORMAL MAXIMUM AND NORMAL MINIMUM DAILY TEMPERATURES (SOLID CURVES) AND THE ACTUAL DAILY HIGH AND LOW TEMPERATURES (VERTICAL BARS).

PAGE 2 AND 3:

H/C INDICATES HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS.

RH INDICATES RELATIVE HUMIDITY

W/O INDICATES WEATHER AND OBSTRUCTIONS

S INDICATES SUNSHINE.

PR INDICATES PRESSURE.

CLOUDINESS ON PAGE 3 IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA NOT TO EXCEED EIGHT EIGHTHS (OKTAS).

GENERAL:

T INDICATES TRACE PRECIPITATION, AN AMOUNT GREATER THAN ZERO BUT LESS THAN THE LOWEST REPORTABLE VALUE.

+ INDICATES THE VALUE ALSO OCCURS ON EARLIER DATES.

BLANK ENTRIES DENOTE MISSING OR UNREPORTED DATA.

NORMALS ARE 30–YEAR AVERAGES (1961–1990).

ASOS INDICATES AUTOMATED SURFACE OBSERVING SYSTEM.

PM INDICATES THE LAST DAY OF THE PREVIOUS MONTH.

POR (PERIOD OF RECORD) BEGINS WITH THE JANUARY DATA MONTH AND IS THE NUMBER OF YEARS USED TO COMPUTE THE MEAN. INDIVIDUAL MONTHS WITHIN THE POR MAY BE MISSING.

WHEN THE POR FOR A NORMAL IS LESS THAN 30 YEARS, THE NORMAL IS PROVISIONAL AND IS BASED ON THE NUMBER OF YEARS INDICATED.

0.* OR * INDICATES THE VALUE OR MEAN–DAYS–WITH IS BETWEEN 0.00 AND 0.05.

CLOUDINESS FOR ASOS STATIONS DIFFERS FROM THE NON–ASOS OBSERVATION TAKEN BY A HUMAN OBSERVER. ASOS STATION CLOUDINESS IS BASED ON TIME–AVERAGED CEILOMETER DATA FOR CLOUDS AT OR BELOW 12,000 FEET AND ON SATELLITE DATA FOR CLOUDS ABOVE 12,000 FEET.

THE NUMBER OF DAYS WITH CLEAR, PARTLY CLOUDY, AND CLOUDY CONDITIONS FOR ASOS STATIONS IS THE SUM OF THE CEILOMETER AND SATELLITE DATA FOR THE SUNRISE TO SUNSET PERIOD.

GENERAL CONTINUED:

CLEAR INDICATES 0–2 OKTAS, PARTLY CLOUDY INDICATES 3–6 OKTAS, AND CLOUDY INDICATES 7 OR 8 OKTAS. WHEN AT LEAST ONE OF THE ELEMENTS (CEILOMETER OR SATELLITE) IS MISSING, THE DAILY CLOUDINESS IS NOT COMPUTED.

WIND DIRECTION IS RECORDED IN TENS OF DEGREES (2 DIGITS) CLOCKWISE FROM TRUE NORTH. "00" INDICATES CALM. "36" INDICATES TRUE NORTH.

RESULTANT WIND IS THE VECTOR AVERAGE OF THE SPEED AND DIRECTION.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE IS THE SUM OF THE MEAN DAILY MAXIMUM AND MINIMUM TEMPERATURE DIVIDED BY 2.

SNOWFALL DATA COMPRISE ALL FORMS OF FROZEN PRECIPITATION, INCLUDING HAIL.

A HEATING (COOLING) DEGREE DAY IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE AVERAGE DAILY TEMPERATURE AND 65 F.

DRY BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE OF THE AMBIENT AIR.

DEW POINT IS THE TEMPERATURE TO WHICH THE AIR MUST BE COOLED TO ACHIEVE 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

WET BULB IS THE TEMPERATURE THE AIR WOULD HAVE IF THE MOISTURE CONTENT WAS INCREASED TO 100 PERCENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY.

ON JULY 1, 1996, THE NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE BEGAN USING THE "METAR" OBSERVATION CODE THAT WAS ALREADY EMPLOYED BY MOST OTHER NATIONS OF THE WORLD. THE MOST NOTICEABLE DIFFERENCE IN THIS ANNUAL PUBLICATION WILL BE THE CHANGE IN UNITS FROM TENTHS TO EIGHTS (OKTAS) FOR REPORTING THE AMOUNT OF SKY COVER.

HEATING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 NORFOLK, VA (ORF)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-730041974064867527034032174703215
1973-74000833535755045993771836302737
1974-7500162133715845845475413824703285
1975-76006982906718044433621866262928
1976-7700024556672611046573301504013819
1977-780001583216618609025802357233792
1978-790031622686147878794992135253482
1979-800001902726167598725641965823529
1980-8100111814496999946106051599603804
1981-8200121894237399076364953032103725
1982-830461773344987626744262958533264
1983-8400271263707189085226012815433610
1984-850016374504329286864211722103163
1985-86006611627317906374652286913150
1986-87018883116207797305383065803439
1987-8800025232058285164647426686153492
1988-890022653246926026014862828003334
1989-9000121343569285414174102343933074
1990-9100131023014446575273861661922617
1991-92002213237754268657549626212513218
1992-930091793376236387225552462253336
1993-9400101403537268775994141118903319
1994-950001132394636146514111904502726
1995-96004804977698106816142379973798
1996-9700112355956172853241831482443362
1997-980011484346635734924662116003048
1998-990021273675135835675312266002976
1999-000041462825887625703742272812982
2000-0100131334668257935835712395203675
2001-0019163275468
COOLING DEGREE DAYS (base 65 F) 2001 NORFOLK, VA (ORF)
YEARJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECANNUAL
19720082040183398343217221021243
1973001627112363420424307641711751
1974301664124244419390213263201531
197523022157366429460233551701744
19761131110211033741734719327001558
1977041666145289515502347242201930
197800099628635248725736391535
1979001113112171385426239542201433
19800001115327449949735145111832
19810005110340746832018929001567
19820018166257428331164392141419
19830002111525048144026562401638
19840005146345368426188102521587
1985052091146284419382267972801739
198600221533435373672371091501765
198700021683645444612850701831
198800118118280477498173171001592
1989093031106412447399286691001799
199008525198324489407218137851797
19910013712693475344562484318112010
1992000635122052733627023901499
199300023136345579438305311801875
1994001111194447562400229302081912
199520459143330574475226102601921
199600155116320401312227311001473
199707775926244336021863001426
1998703337143338440440317390121806
19994002511227550945822242401651
20000071019634235836821651001548
200100340108331357435187571531536
SNOWFALL (inches) 2001 NORFOLK, VA (ORF)
YEARJULAUGSEPOCTNOVDECJANFEBMARAPRMAYJUNTOTAL
1972-730.00.00.00.0T0.09.14.7T0.00.00.013.8
1973-740.00.00.00.00.01.4T0.97.50.00.00.09.8
1974-750.00.00.00.00.0T0.3T0.8T0.00.01.1
1975-760.00.00.00.00.0TTT0.00.00.00.0T
1976-770.00.00.00.0T1.04.71.40.00.00.00.07.1
1977-780.00.00.00.00.0T1.39.22.30.00.00.012.8
1978-790.00.00.00.00.00.01.012.7T0.00.00.013.7
1979-800.00.00.00.00.00.09.318.913.70.00.00.041.9
1980-810.00.00.00.00.0TT0.00.30.00.00.00.3
1981-820.00.00.00.00.01.84.20.1TT0.00.06.1
1982-830.00.00.00.00.00.4T3.0TT0.00.03.4
1983-840.00.00.00.00.0TT5.2T0.00.00.05.2
1984-850.00.00.00.00.0T4.30.0T0.00.00.04.3
1985-860.00.00.00.00.0T3.61.1TT0.00.04.7
1986-870.00.00.00.00.0T1.61.01.2T0.00.03.8
1987-880.00.00.00.00.3T4.4TT0.00.00.04.7
1988-890.00.00.00.00.0TT24.4T0.50.00.024.9
1989-900.00.00.00.00.00.50.00.0T0.00.0T0.5
1990-910.00.00.00.00.0T0.0TT0.00.00.0T
1991-920.0T0.00.00.0TT0.0TT0.00.0T
1992-930.00.00.00.00.00.00.31.91.70.00.00.03.9
1993-940.00.00.00.00.03.97.41.20.30.0T0.012.8
1994-950.00.00.00.00.00.0T0.3T0.00.00.00.3
1995-960.00.00.00.00.0T6.211.0
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99T
1999-009.0
2000-010.30.00.00.0
2001-0.00.00.00.00.00.0
POR=47 YRS0.0T0.00.00.00.92.72.81.00.0TT7.4

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