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Egypt

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | © The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Egypt. British interest in Egypt arose from concern to protect the route to India. Napoleon's occupation of Egypt in 1798 was terminated by the peace of Amiens three years later, when control of the country was restored to the Ottoman empire. The opening of the Suez canal in 1869 increased the strategic importance of Egypt to Britain, and British troops occupied the country in 1882 when Anglo-French attempts to sort out the government's debts had led to a revolt by the heavily taxed peasantry. A British protectorate was declared in 1914 when Germany's alliance with the Ottoman empire in the First World War posed a new threat to British interests. Nominal independence, under a constitutional monarch, was restored in 1922, but Britain maintained a military base to control the Suez canal until Gamal Abdel Nasser seized power in 1952 and nationalized the canal.

Kenneth Ingham

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JOHN CANNON. "Egypt." The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Dec. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

JOHN CANNON. "Egypt." The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (December 1, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Egypt.html

JOHN CANNON. "Egypt." The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. 2002. Retrieved December 01, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Egypt.html

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