chloramphenicol

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A Dictionary of Nursing

The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition

chloramphenicol

chloramphenicol , antibiotic effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria (see Gram's stain ). It was originally isolated from a species of Streptomyces bacteria. Chloramphenicol's antibiotic activity results from its interference with protein synthesis in invading microbes. However, it is a very toxic substance, its most serious and potentially lethal effect being depression of red blood cell production in bone marrow ; cases of leukemia were also attributed to early use of chloramphenicol. Because of its toxicity, chloramphenicol is rarely prescribed for infections that can be treated by other antibiotics. It is used as an alternative therapy to treat typhoid fever, some forms of meningitis, and rickettsial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus. Chloramphenicol is commonly used in biological research to study protein synthesis. Chloromycetin is a trade name for chloramphenicol.

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chloramphenicol

A Dictionary of Nursing | 2008 | Â© A Dictionary of Nursing 2008, originally published by Oxford University Press 2008. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

chloramphenicol (klor-am-fen-i-kol) n. an antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms. However, due to its serious side-effects, especially damage to the bone marrow, it is usually reserved for serious infections (especially those caused by Haemophilus influenzae) when less toxic drugs are ineffective. It is also used, in the form of eye drops, to treat bacterial conjunctivitis. Trade names:. Chloromycetin,. Kemicetine.

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Veterinary chloramphenicol. (is being withdrawn from the market) Magazine article from: FDA Consumer; 9/1/1985
	Veterinary chloramphenicol recalled. (Updates) Magazine article from: FDA Consumer; 10/1/1986
	Asian shrimp in hot water in Germany; critics charge use of illegal antibiotic.(Chloramphenicol)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Quick Frozen Foods International; 1/1/2002

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	Veterinary chloramphenicol. (is being withdrawn from the market) Magazine article from: FDA Consumer; 9/1/1985; 321 words ; ...halt the use of the potent antibiotic chloramphenicol in food animals, FDA has announced...be misused on a farm. The misuse of chloramphenicol oral solution in food animals is likely...program has established that use of chloramphenicol oral solution in food-producing animals... Read more
	Veterinary chloramphenicol recalled. (Updates) Magazine article from: FDA Consumer; 10/1/1986; 196 words ; Veterinary Chloramphenicol Recalled Western and Midwestern livestock...asked to return an illegal and dangerous drug, chloramphenicol oral solution, to their suppliers. Chloramphenicol oral solution, an antibiotic approved only... Read more
	Asian shrimp in hot water in Germany; critics charge use of illegal antibiotic.(Chloramphenicol)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Quick Frozen Foods International; 1/1/2002; ; 560 words ; ...revealed traces of the antibiotic Chloramphenicol, which is thought to cause bone marrow...reported in its January 2002 issue that Chloramphenicol was present in seven of the 20 shrimp...means of dealing with this problem. Chloramphenicol is not thought to be damaging to humans... Read more
	Non-use of an antibiotic in food suggested. (UN Reported).(chloramphenicol)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: UN Chronicle; 3/1/2002; 85 words ; ...use of an antibiotic in food production that has been shown to cause genetic defects and could possibly lead to cancer. Chloramphenicol, a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in human and pet medicine, has been evaluated several times by an internationally recognized... Read more
	Lack of Evidence for Chloramphenicol Resistance in Neisseria meningitidis, Africa. Magazine article from: Emerging Infectious Diseases; 1/1/2001; ; 700+ words ; To the Editor: High-level chloramphenicol resistance has been reported...Resistance was mediated by a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (Cat) encoded...industrialized countries, chloramphenicol is often used to treat patients... Read more
	Asian shrimp industry coming to grips with technical roadblocks to imports: Thailand and nearby countries make moves to eliminate chloramphenicol and other banned antibiotics from food chain. But what can be done about background residues of substances that will still be identified in trace amounts? (QFFI's Global Seafood Magazine). Magazine article from: Quick Frozen Foods International; 7/1/2002; ; 700+ words ; ...from Thailand (see boxed stow on page 46). The issue of chloramphenicol and nitrofuran trace elements in shrimp was a hot topic...Chamberlain, president of the GAA, who noted that the use of chloramphenicol and nitrofurans has been banned for at least a decade in... Read more
	As EU bans residue-tainted imports, European exports with same go to Asia: zero tolerance standard for prohibited substances in foreign-sourced foodstuffs cuts supply of shrimp and other products to Europe, resulting in higher prices. Exporters, claiming the safety of human health is not at risk, charge rigid enforcement is a non-tariff trade barrier. (Chloramphenicol in Shrimp). Magazine article from: Quick Frozen Foods International; 1/1/2003; ; 700+ words ; ...importers to do? Two years into the chloramphenicol residue controversy that has wreaked...Detect just one part per billion of chloramphenicol--an antibiotic which has been deemed...enforcement of zero tolerance for chloramphenicol and nine other prohibited substances... Read more
	Wal-Mart resumes sales of crawfish tails. (Restaurant and Food).(three stores temporarily withdrew sales of Chinese shrimp and crawfish found to contain chloramphenicol, a banned antibiotic)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Arkansas Business; 7/22/2002; ; 320 words ; ...Louisiana stores found all 10 contained chloramphenicol, an antibiotic that was banned in...sample had 5.2 parts per billion of chloramphenicol, well over the legal limit of one...contained 20 times the allowable limit of chloramphenicol, according to an article from The... Read more
	Rise in shrimp consumption in US market is no surprise to the people at Seapak. (Chloramphenicol in Shrimp). Magazine article from: Quick Frozen Foods International; 1/1/2003; 363 words ; So shrimp is now America's favorite seafood? This is no news to SeaPak Shrimp Co., St. Simon's Island, Georgia, which reportedly supplies more than half the frozen breaded shrimp sold in American supermarkets and recently introduced a full line for the foodservice market. It was the National Marine Read more
	DoDo seafood selection pack full of surimi-based finger foods. (Chloramphenicol in Shrimp).(Thong Siek Food Industry Private Ltd.)(Brief Article) Magazine article from: Quick Frozen Foods International; 1/1/2003; 152 words ; Singapore-based surimi product specialist Thong Siek Food Industry Pte. Ltd. (TSFI) introduced 16 Seafood Selections at the SIAL exposition held recently in Paris. The 308g retail package of heat and serve finger food items, distributed under the DoDo brand, contains four pieces each of Seafood Read more