Alexander II (Scotland)

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Alexander II

Alexander II 1198-1249, king of Scotland (1214-49), son and successor of William the Lion. He joined the English barons in their revolt against King John of England in 1215. Though he made his peace with John's successor, Henry III, in 1221, there was later friction that almost led to war. In 1237, Alexander agreed to give up his claims to overlordship in old Northumbria and to exchange lands he held in central England for lands in the north. At home Alexander was firm in quelling disorder.

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Alexander II

A Dictionary of World History | 2000 | Â© A Dictionary of World History 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Alexander II (1198–1249) King of Scotland (1214–49). He succeeded William the Lion. After supporting the English barons in the first Barons’ War against King JOHN he had to suppress revolts in Moray (1221), Argyll (1222), Caithness (1222), and Galloway (1224). His campaigns against England and the Norse in the Western Isles (1249) were motivated by territorial ambitions.

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Honours of Scotland

The Oxford Companion to British History | 2002 | | Â© The Oxford Companion to British History 2002, originally published by Oxford University Press 2002. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Honours of Scotland. The Scottish crown jewels, consisting of a sceptre given to James IV (1488–1513) by Pope Alexander VI (1494), a sword from Pope Julius II (1507), and a crown made for James V (1513–42) in 1540. Representing royal authority, following the Union of the crowns (1603) they came strongly to symbolize Scotland's nationhood, because of an absentee monarchy. Buried in Kinneff kirk (1652–60) to avoid Oliver Cromwell's attentions, the Honours were feared lost following the Union (1707). They were found hidden in Edinburgh castle by Sir Walter Scott (1818), and remain there today.

Roland Tanner

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JOHN CANNON. "Honours of Scotland." The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 12 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

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JOHN CANNON. "Honours of Scotland." The Oxford Companion to British History. Oxford University Press. 2002. Retrieved November 12, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-HonoursofScotland.html

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

	Alexander R. Gilchrist.(DEATHS) Newspaper article from: Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, MA); 5/19/2009
	Roma and Lazio Play to Scoreless Tie News Wire article from: AP Online; 4/29/2007
	Great Scot! Times were wild in Atholl.(LOCAL NEWS) Newspaper article from: Telegram & Gazette (Worcester, MA); 4/21/2009

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	In a field of its own; (1) King of the century: Alexander II (2) Unique find: The ring is the first of its kind discovered in Scotland (3) Lucky finder: Gordon Innes. Newspaper article from: The Daily Mail (London, England); 6/12/2008; 700+ words ; ...haveready access to fish. Scotland had its own King - but he...early part of the century, Alexander II reigned over a period of...later, the Scots invaded Scotland's Norwegian territories,before Alexander II died in the summer of 1249...
	BLOODY LIFE OF SCOTLAND'S BOY KING; With his early years blighted by murder, kidnap and grisly retribution, it is no wonder six-year-old James II grew up to be a gun-obsessed killer bent on brutal revenge. Newspaper article from: The Daily Mail (London, England); 10/16/2004; 700+ words ; ...his 30th birthday James II was only six when he...She left Perth, then Scotland's capital, and set...October 16, 1430, James II was disfigured by a port...his twin brother, Alexander, died in infancy - James...survival was crucial if Scotland was not to descend into...
	Britain ran secret torture centre during World War II. News Wire article from: PTI - The Press Trust of India Ltd.; 11/13/2005; 498 words ; ...secret torture centre during World War II London, Nov 13 (PTI) Britain ran...secret torture centre during World War II to extract information from German...was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Scotland, who had briefly served in the German...
	TV review: A history of Scotland Newspaper article from: Sentinel, The (Stoke-on-Trent UK); 1/12/2009; 556 words ; ...to learn that the history of Scotland is long and tempestuous. Many...story of two ruthless men - Alexander II, who forged Scotland through blood and violence...Scots. First on the scene, Alexander II, it seemed, had encountered...
	Meet our 12 worst baddies - Scotland depraved Newspaper article from: Scotland on Sunday; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words ; ...helped compile our list of Scotland's 'Dirty Dozen...Contrary to myth, Scotland does not have to look...century Legend has it that Alexander "Sawney" Bean was the...reign of King James I of Scotland. Too lazy to perform...on behalf of Charles II and James VII, of those...
	Sir Alexander Todd Dies at 89; Nobel Prize-Winning Chemist Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 1/15/1997; ; 700+ words ; ...chemical structures Sir Alexander built, likening...own bricks." Sir Alexander was not unaware of...what life is." Alexander Robertus Todd, the Glasgow, Scotland-born son of a justice...Berlin after World War II, died Jan. 10 at...
	Alexander P. Beck, 89, charmed nieces, nephews with his spirit Newspaper article from: Portland Press Herald (Maine); 7/19/2005; ; 604 words ; ...Maine) 07-19-2005 Alexander P. Beck, 89, charmed...children of his own, Alexander P. Beck used to spoil...person." The story of Alexander Beck begins in Scotland, where he spent the...Island. In World War II, Mr. Beck was a U...
	ALEXANDER C. TUTAY, 72.(CAPITAL REGION) Newspaper article from: Albany Times Union (Albany, NY); 6/22/1995; 420 words ; NEW SCOTLAND Alexander C. Tutay, 72, of Feura Bush died Tuesday...He was an Army veteran of World War II and a member of the Delmar Elks Lodge...Albany Medical Center Foundation, 43 New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208. Arrangements...
	Commonwealth Games 2002: Cycling: Redden capitalises on Alexander's rough ride West Pennines provide delightful setting for mountain biking battle as Canadian takes gold medal Newspaper article from: The Independent - London; 7/30/2002; ; 700+ words ; ...shortly after World War II. As the successful...estate yesterday, Scotland's Caroline Alexander may have been forgiven...cottage, of course. Alexander, favourite to win...problems themselves. As Alexander looked in horror at...
	The Reign of Alexander II, 1214-49.(GREAT BRITAIN, EUROPE, BALKANS, FORMER USSR)(Brief Article)(Book Review) Magazine article from: Reference & Research Book News; 8/1/2005; 495 words ; ...04-14206-1 The reign of Alexander II, 1214-49. Title main entry...include the historiography of Alexander, contemporary perspectives...1215-17 and its context, Scotland and the Papacy, Scotland and Europe, the double treasure...