Leeuw, Ton de

Leeuw, Ton de (b Rotterdam, 1926; d Paris, 1996). Dutch composer. Dir. of sound, Dutch Radio Union 1954–60. Teacher at Amsterdam Univ. from 1963 (dir. 1971–3). Works influenced by Schoenberg, musique concrète, Pijper's ‘germ-cell’ melodic principle, and Asian mus. Has used proportional rhythmic notation to represent unlimited scale of note-values. Works incl.: radio oratorio Job (1956); opera The Dream (1962–3); TV opera Alceste (1963); ballet The Bees (1965); orch.: 2 vn. concs. (1953, 1961); Ombres (1961); Symphonies for Winds, 29 wind instr. (1963); Spatial Music I-IV, Litany of our Time (1965–8); Syntaxis (1968); Gending, Javanese gamelan (1975); Résonances (1985); conc., gui., str. (1989); chamber mus.: str. qts. No.1 (1958), No.2, with tape (1964); str. trio (1948); vn. sonata (1951); The Four Seasons, hp. (1964); Music, ob. (1969); Reversed Night, fl. (1971); Midare, marimba (1972); Canzone, brass (1974); Modal Music (accordeon) (1978–9); Apparences I, vc. (1986–7); choral: Car nos vignes sont en fleur, 12 vv. (1981); And They Shall Reign Forever, mez., cl., hn., pf., perc. (1981); Les chants de Kabir, solo vv. (1985); Transparence, ch., brass (1986); keyboard: pf. sonatina (1949); sonata, 2 pf. (1950); 5 Études (1951); 3 African Studies (1954); Sweelinck Variations, org. (1972–3); tape: Electronic Suite (1958); Clair-Obscur (1982).