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cofactor

A Dictionary of Plant Sciences | 1998 | | © A Dictionary of Plant Sciences 1998, originally published by Oxford University Press 1998. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

cofactor A non-protein component that is required by an enzyme in order for it to function, and to which it may be either tightly or loosely bound. Cofactors that are tightly bound are known as prosthetic groups. Cofactors are required by many enzymes: they may be metal ions (activators) or organic molecules (coenzymes), and generally act as donors to or acceptors from the substrate (or substrates) of functional groups of atoms. Examples include nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

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