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glycolysis
glycolysis
glycolysis (Embden–Meyerhof pathway) The series of biochemical reactions in which glucose is broken down to pyruvate with the release of usable energy in the form of
ATP (see illustration). One molecule of glucose undergoes two phosphorylation reactions and is then split to form two triose-phosphate molecules. Each of these is converted to pyruvate. The net energy yield is two ATP molecules per glucose molecule. In
aerobic respiration pyruvate then enters the
Krebs cycle. Alternatively, when oxygen is in short supply or absent, the pyruvate is converted to various products by
anaerobic respiration. Other simple sugars, e.g. fructose and galactose, and glycerol (from fats) enter the glycolysis pathway at intermediate stages. Compare
gluconeogenesis.
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Teaching Glycolysis with the Student's Perspective in Mind
Magazine article from: American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education; 1/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...presenting a complex subject such as glycolysis. One of the key elements in facilitating...and integration of topics relating to glycolysis, including thermodynamics and enzymology...learning, thermodynamics, enzymology, glycolysis INTRODUCTION Teaching and learning are...
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Triclosan inhibition of membrane enzymes and glycolysis of Streptococcus mutans in suspensions and biofilms.
Magazine article from: Canadian Journal of Microbiology; 10/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...fluoride or sorbate, to sensitize glycolysis to acid inhibition. Even at neutral pH, triclosan could inhibit glycolysis more directly as an irreversible...phosphotransferase system (PTS). Cell glycolysis in suspensions or biofilms was inhibited...
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Akt stimulates aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells.
Newspaper article from: Obesity, Fitness & Wellness Week; 8/14/2004; 682 words
; ...net) -- Akt stimulates aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells. "Cancer cells...display high rates of aerobic glycolysis in comparison to their nontransformed...phosphorylation. High rates of aerobic glycolysis were also identified in human...
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Feeding a low energy diet and refeeding a control diet affect glycolysis differently in the slow- and fast-twitch muscles of adult male Wistar rats
Magazine article from: The Journal of Nutrition; 10/1/1998; ; 700+ words
; ...and Refeeding a Control Diet Affect Glycolysis Differently in the Slow- and Fast...hypothesized that underfeeding slowed glycolysis in the slow-twitch soleus, but not...HYPO diet caused significantly slower glycolysis in the stimulated soleus but not the...
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Glycolysis and specimen storage.(Answering your questions)
Magazine article from: Medical Laboratory Observer; 4/1/2005; ; 700+ words
; ...bacterial contamination. The rate of glycolysis can be slowed by storing specimens at...fluoride. (2) Fluoride ions inhibit glycolysis by interfering with the reaction of...is a slow but effective inhibitor of glycolysis. (1) The decrease in blood-glucose...
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PET and Aerobic Glycolysis in Cancers
Magazine article from: The Journal of Nuclear Medicine; 8/1/2008; ; 523 words
; ...the consequences of elevated aerobic glycolysis in tumors (Warburg effect). Resulting...cancer cells rely largely on aerobic glycolysis, which accounts for 56% -63% of...to the relative reliance on aerobic glycolysis. In in vivo studies, tumor cells representing...
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Calcium and Glycolysis Mediate Multiple Bursting Modes in Pancreatic Islets
Magazine article from: Biophysical Journal; 11/1/2004; ; 700+ words
; ...oscillations driven by oscillations in glycolysis. This slow rhythm is responsible for...bistability between stationary and oscillatory glycolysis for a range of parameter values. We...exclusively driven by slow oscillations in glycolysis, due to the allosteric enzyme phosphofructokinase...
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Relation between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in long-standing type 2 diabetes mellitus without retinopathy.
Magazine article from: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology; 1/1/2006; ; 700+ words
; ...relationship between increased anaerobic glycolysis and visual acuity in type 2 diabetes...acid produced by increased anaerobic glycolysis owing to tissue hypoxia result in poor...retinopathy and increased anaerobic glycolysis, which is one of the biochemical markers...
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Glycolysis and the regulation of glucose transport in Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis in batch and fed-batch culture.(Research)
Magazine article from: Microbial Cell Factories; 5/24/2007; ; 700+ words
; ...Avramidis [1]; George Filiousis [1] Background Regulation of glycolysis and the shift between different fermentation modes of Lactococcus...novel DNA macroarray technology, showed that several genes of glycolysis were expressed to higher levels on glucose and that genes...
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Oncolin discovers promising glycolysis inhibitor.
Newspaper article from: Pharma Marketletter; 7/7/2008; 442 words
; ...based Oncolin Therapeutics has discovered a new inhibitor of glycolysis, which it says is superior to other known inhibitors. These...life and can be used to treat other cancers that depend on glycolysis for survival such as breast and pancreatic cancers, the firm...
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Glycolysis
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Glycolysis Glycolysis, a series of enzymatic steps in which the six-carbon glucose molecule...10 enzymatic steps, energy released from glucose is conserved by glycolysis in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). So central is glycolysis...
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Glycolysis and Fermentation
Book article from: Biology
Glycolysis and Fermentation Glycolysis is an anaerobic metabolic pathway, found in the cytosol of...Its universal and central role in metabolism suggests that glycolysis evolved early in the history of life. In the overall reaction...
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glycolysis
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
glycolysis , term given to the metabolic pathway...humans) for the degradation of glucose . Glycolysis means, literally, the dissolution...crystallized and thoroughly studied. Glycolysis begins with a single molecule of glucose...
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Respiration
Book article from: World of Microbiology and Immunology
...three sequential series of reactions; glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron...as well as being membrane-bound. Glycolysis is the controlled breakdown of sugar...into glucose that can then enter into glycolysis. The process involves the controlled...
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Anaerobic
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
...All cells carry out the process of glycolysis, which is an example of anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis is the initial phase of cellular respiration...and no oxygen is required. During glycolysis, oxidation (the removal of electrons...
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