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energy
A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
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2005
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© A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information)
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energy The ability to do work. The SI unit of energy is the joule, and nutritionally relevant amounts of energy are kilojoules (kJ, 1000 J) and megajoules (MJ, 1,000,000 J). The
calorie is still widely used in nutrition; 1 cal = 4.186 J (approximated to 4.2). While it is usual to speak of the calorie or joule content of a food it is more correct to refer to the energy yield.
The total chemical energy in a food, as released by complete combustion (in the bomb
calorimeter) is gross energy. Allowing for the losses of unabsorbed food in the faeces gives digestible energy. Allowing for loss in the urine due to incomplete combustion in the body (e.g. urea from the incomplete combustion of proteins) gives metabolizable energy. Allowing for the loss due to
diet‐induced thermogenesis gives net energy, i.e. the actual amount available for use in the body.
The following factors are used for energy yields of foods:
protein 17 kJ (4 kcal);
fat, 37 kJ (9 kcal);
carbohydrate, 16 kJ (4 kcal);
alcohol, 29 kJ (7 kcal);
sugar alcohols, 10 kJ (2.4 kcal); organic acids, 13 kJ (3 kcal).
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List of Features.(Monthly Energy Review features, 1974 - 1999)
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Energy Focus, Inc. Welcomes New Energy Bill, Already Meets 2020 Lighting Efficiency Mandates.
PR Newswire; 12/20/2007; 700+ words
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Energy Conservation for Business
Magazine article from: Mercer Business; 1/1/2005; ; 700+ words
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Energy Autonomy: the Economic, Social and Technological Case for Renewable Energy.
Magazine article from: Environments; 11/1/2007; ; 700+ words
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Modeling energy demand and socioeconomic development of Taiwan.
Magazine article from: The Energy Journal; 4/1/1989; ; 700+ words
; Modeling Energy Demand and Socioeconomic Development of Taiwan Taiwan lacks a natural energy endowment. Its energy demands have dramatically increased with the growth of the economy and standard of living during the past two decades. Based on...
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Energy Transformations
Book article from: World of Earth Science
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Energy Budgets
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
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Energy Efficiency
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Energy Efficiency History of energy concerns Energy efficiency in buildings Transportation Energy efficiency in industry Other techniques for increasing energy efficiency Government policies and regulations Green Market electric utilities Results...
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Energy
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Energy The broadest definition of energy is the ability to do work. Human societies tap into various forms of energy, including chemical energy in biomass, natural gas, coal, and petroleum; nuclear energy in uranium; gravitational energy...
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energy
Book article from: The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition
energy in physics, the ability or capacity to do work or to produce change. Forms of energy include heat , light , sound , electricity , and chemical energy. Energy and work are measured in the same units...
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