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energy
A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition
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2005
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© A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information)
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energy The ability to do work. The SI unit of energy is the joule, and nutritionally relevant amounts of energy are kilojoules (kJ, 1000 J) and megajoules (MJ, 1,000,000 J). The
calorie is still widely used in nutrition; 1 cal = 4.186 J (approximated to 4.2). While it is usual to speak of the calorie or joule content of a food it is more correct to refer to the energy yield.
The total chemical energy in a food, as released by complete combustion (in the bomb
calorimeter) is gross energy. Allowing for the losses of unabsorbed food in the faeces gives digestible energy. Allowing for loss in the urine due to incomplete combustion in the body (e.g. urea from the incomplete combustion of proteins) gives metabolizable energy. Allowing for the loss due to
diet‐induced thermogenesis gives net energy, i.e. the actual amount available for use in the body.
The following factors are used for energy yields of foods:
protein 17 kJ (4 kcal);
fat, 37 kJ (9 kcal);
carbohydrate, 16 kJ (4 kcal);
alcohol, 29 kJ (7 kcal);
sugar alcohols, 10 kJ (2.4 kcal); organic acids, 13 kJ (3 kcal).
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List of Features.(Monthly Energy Review features, 1974 - 1999)
Magazine article from: Monthly Energy Review; 3/1/1999; 700+ words
; ...features that have appeared in the Monthly Energy Review since the first issue was published...categories of features on the list: "Energy Plugs" are 1-page descriptions of recently...products. "Articles" cover a wide range of energy-related subjects in depth; "Highlights...
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Energy challenges.(CYBERBEE)
Magazine article from: Multimedia & Internet@Schools; 1/1/2009; ; 700+ words
; [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] ENERGY is an essential and, at times, a controversial subject. At EPCOT Center's Universe of Energy exhibit, the lyrics, "Energy makes the world go round," sum up the role it has in...
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Energy Neighbor Fund Helps Families Facing a Crisis Stay Warm This Winter.
PR Newswire; 11/16/2009; 700+ words
; ...For the 28th straight year, Progress Energy and its customers and employees will help...households in crisis through the company's Energy Neighbor Fund. (Logo: http://www...prnh/20020923/CHM008LOGO-c ) The Energy Neighbor Fund assists low-income individuals...
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ENERGY : EPP THINK TANK CALLS FOR DEBATE ON NUCLEAR POWER.(European People's Party, European Ideas Network discuss energy issues )
Newspaper article from: European Report; 2/9/2007; 700+ words
; ...gave a general overview of its thinking on energy at a seminar on Europe's Energy Challenge,' with some 150 people in attendance...Wilfried Martens, President of the EPP, European Energy and Environment Commissioners Andris Piebalgs...
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Energy consumption. (Mar 1997)(Monthly Energy Review)
Magazine article from: Monthly Energy Review; 6/1/1997; ; 700+ words
; U.S. total energy consumption in March 1997 was 7.7 quadrillion...products accounted for 38 percent of the energy consumed in March 1997, while natural...Transportation sector consumption of energy was 2.0 quadrillion Btu in March 1997...
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Energy's `Action Plan' Appears Mired in Debate; White House Seen Balking on Conservation
Newspaper article from: The Washington Post; 1/7/1991; ; 700+ words
; ...to formulate a comprehensive national energy policy has bogged down in internal debates...split between White House aides and the Energy Department over key issues, according...administration officials. The "final" set of energy policy options that the Energy Department...
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ENERGY SAVER HOME PLUS PILOT PROGRAM WINS SCC APPROVAL
PR Newswire; 1/31/1995; 700+ words
; ...program that will bring a new generation of energy-saving homes to Virginia. The SCC gave...up to l,000 new homes under the pilot Energy Saver Home Plus program during the next...equipment standards designed to conserve energy while providing maximum comfort. During...
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TXU Energy Promotes Efficiency to Help Texans During Winter; Energy Efficiency Program Continues to Assist Those in Need.
PR Newswire; 2/5/2007; 700+ words
; ...As cold temperatures sweep through Texas, TXU Energy is traveling the state to warm up customers with cost-saving home improvement and energy efficiency tips. With energy costs being top of mind to many customers, TXU...
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Energy Pacific to Acquire CES/Way International, Largest Independent Energy-Service Company
PR Newswire; 12/1/1997; 700+ words
; Acquisition Builds Energy Pacific's Market Share in Government, Institutional Energy-Service Contracts LOS ANGELES, Dec. 1 /PRNewswire/ -- Energy Pacific, a joint venture of Pacific Enterprises (NYSE: PET) and Enova Corporation (NYSE...
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Energy performance pitfalls
Magazine article from: Building Operating Management; 3/1/2002; ; 700+ words
; ...training, operations and commissioning in energy efficiency AT FIRST GLANCE it seems implausible...building with dated systems delivering better energy performance than a facility with newer...Environmental Protection Agency's ENERGY STAR" program, it's common. What...
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Energy Transformations
Book article from: World of Earth Science
Energy transformations Energy is a state function that is best defined as the capacity to do work or to produce heat. There are many forms of energy (e.g., radiant energy, kinetic energy, potential energy...
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Energy Budgets
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Energy Budgets Forms of energy Energy transformations and the laws of thermodynamics Physical energy budgets Budgets of fixed energy Resources An energy budget describes the ways in which energy is transformed from one state to another within some...
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Energy
Encyclopedia entry from: International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences
Energy The broadest definition of energy is the ability to do work. Human societies tap into various forms of energy, including chemical energy in biomass, natural gas, coal, and petroleum; nuclear energy in uranium; gravitational energy...
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Energy Department
Encyclopedia entry from: West's Encyclopedia of American Law
ENERGY DEPARTMENT The Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive agency of the federal government. It was created in response to the early 1970s energy shortages, long lines at the gas pumps, and rising prices to...
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Energy Efficiency
Encyclopedia entry from: The Gale Encyclopedia of Science
Energy Efficiency History of energy concerns Energy efficiency in buildings Transportation Energy efficiency in industry Other techniques for increasing energy efficiency Government policies and regulations Green Market electric utilities Results...
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