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Insecta

A Dictionary of Earth Sciences | 1999 | | © A Dictionary of Earth Sciences 1999, originally published by Oxford University Press 1999. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Insecta (Hexapoda, insects; phylum Arthropoda) Class of arthropods that have three pairs of legs and, usually, two pairs of wings borne on the thorax. Typically, there is a single pair of antennae and one pair of compound eyes. Gas exchange takes place through a tracheal system and the gonoducts open at the posterior end of the body. The oldest fossil insects occur in Devonian rocks, and the first winged representatives are known from Carboniferous rocks. Dragonflies and beetles were established before the end of the Palaeozoic; social varieties such as ants and wasps are present in Cretaceous sediments. The evolution of the flowering plants had a marked influence on insect development, so that many new forms appeared in the Cretaceous and Tertiary Period. About 950 000 extant species of insects have been described. This is larger than the number of species belonging to all other animal classes combined.

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