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Dewey, George

The Oxford Companion to American Military History | 2000 | | © The Oxford Companion to American Military History 2000, originally published by Oxford University Press 2000. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Dewey, George (1837–1917), American admiral and popular naval hero.Dewey was born in Montpelier, Vermont, in 1837 and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy in 1858. He served with distinction at the battles of New Orleans and Port Hudson during the Civil War and ended the war as a lieutenant commander. He served in varying peacetime assignments, including command of the sloops Pensacola and Narragansett. Dewey spent the 1890s in Washington as chief of the Bureau of Equipment, president of the Lighthouse Board, and president of the Board of Inspection and Survey. In 1897, with the support of his Vermont senator, Redfield Procter, and Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt, Dewey was appointed to command the Asiatic Squadron, based in the Far East.

Dewey's squadron was at Hong Kong when the Spanish‐American War began in April 1898. The U.S. Navy had long‐standing plans to attack the Philippines in the event of war with Spain, and on 1 May 1895, Dewey led his squadron boldly into Manila Bay, disregarding reports of sea mines at its narrow entrance. In a few hours Dewey had destroyed the antiquated Spanish squadron in the Philippines and blockaded Manila. News of the dramatic victory in the Battle of Manila Bay, achieved without the loss of a single American life, made Dewey a popular hero and set in motion a chain of events leading to the U.S. annexation of the Philippines.

Following his return to the United States, Dewey, now promoted to the rank of admiral of the navy, flirted briefly with a run for the presidency, then settled down to preside over the General Board, the navy's first military planning organization. Under Dewey's stewardship, the board prepared plans for possible war with Germany and Japan and dealt with such questions as the location of naval bases in the Pacific, ship characteristics, and Navy Department organization. He died in January 1917 having served as a trusted naval adviser to three presidents.
[See also: Navy, U.S.: 1866–98; Philippines, U.S. Military Involvement in the.]

Ronald H. Spector

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John Whiteclay Chambers II. "Dewey, George." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 16 Nov. 2009 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

John Whiteclay Chambers II. "Dewey, George." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (November 16, 2009). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-DeweyGeorge.html

John Whiteclay Chambers II. "Dewey, George." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. Oxford University Press. 2000. Retrieved November 16, 2009 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-DeweyGeorge.html

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