| Nobel Prizes |
|
|
| Year
|
Peace
|
Chemistry
|
Physics
|
Physiology or Medicine
|
Literature
|
|
|
| 1901
|
J. H. Dunant
Frédéric Passy
|
J. H. van't Hoff
|
W. C. Roentgen
|
E. A. von Behring
|
R. F. A. Sully-Prudhomme
|
| 1902
|
Élie Ducommun
C. A. Gobat
|
Emil Fischer
|
H. A. Lorentz
Pieter Zeeman
|
Sir Ronald Ross
|
Theodor Mommsen
|
| 1903
|
Sir William R. Cremer
|
S. A. Arrhenius
|
A. H. Becquerel
Pierre Curie
Marie S. Curie
|
N. R. Finsen
|
Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson
|
| 1904
|
Institute of International Law
|
Sir William Ramsay
|
J. W. S. Rayleigh
|
Ivan P. Pavlov
|
Frédéric Mistral
José Echegaray
|
| 1905
|
Baroness Bertha von Suttner
|
Adolf von Baeyer
|
Philipp Lenard
|
Robert Koch
|
Henryk Sienkiewicz
|
| 1906
|
Theodore Roosevelt
|
Henri Moissan
|
Sir Joseph Thomson
|
Camillo Golgi
S. Ramón y Cajal
|
Giosuè Carducci
|
| 1907
|
E. T. Moneta
Louis Renault
|
Eduard Buchner
|
A. A. Michelson
|
C. I. A. Laveran
|
Rudyard Kipling
|
| 1908
|
K. P. Arnoldson
Fredrik Bajer
|
Sir Ernest Rutherford
|
Gabriel Lippman
|
Paul Ehrlich
Élie Metchnikoff
|
R. C. Eucken
|
| 1909
|
Auguste Beernaert
P. H. B. Estournelles de Constant
|
Wilhelm Ostwald
|
Guglielmo Marconi
K. F. Braun
|
Emil T. Kocher
|
Selma Lagerlöf
|
| 1910
|
International Peace Bureau
|
Otto Wallach
|
J. D. van der Waals
|
Albrecht Kossel
|
Paul Heyse
|
| 1911
|
T. M. C. Asser
A. H. Fried
|
Marie S. Curie
|
Wilhelm Wien
|
Allvar Gullstrand
|
Maurice Maeterlinck
|
| 1912
|
Elihu Root
|
Victor Grignard
Paul Sabatier
|
N. G. Dalen
|
Alexis Carrel
|
Gerhart Hauptmann
|
| 1913
|
Henri La Fontaine
|
Alfred Werner
|
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
|
C. R. Richet
|
Sir Rabindranath Tagore
|
| 1914
|
|
T. W. Richards
|
Max von Laue
|
Robert Barany
|
|
| 1915
|
|
Richard Willstätter
|
Sir William H. Bragg
Sir William L. Bragg
|
|
Romain Rolland
|
| 1916
|
|
|
|
|
Verner von Heidenstam
|
| 1917
|
International Red Cross
|
|
C. G. Barkla
|
|
K. A. Gjellerup
Henrik Pontoppidan
|
| 1918
|
|
Fritz Haber
|
Max Planck
|
|
|
| 1919
|
Woodrow Wilson
|
|
Johannes Stark
|
Jules Bordet
|
C. F. G. Spitteler
|
| 1920
|
Léon Bourgeois
|
Walther Nernst
|
C. E. Guillaume
|
S. A. S. Krogh
|
Knut Hamsum
|
| 1921
|
Hjalmar Branting
C. L. Lange
|
Frederick Soddy
|
Albert Einstein
|
|
Anatole France
|
| 1922
|
Fridtjof Nansen
|
F. W. Aston
|
N. H. D. Bohr
|
A. V. Hill
Otto Meyerhof
|
Jacinto Benavente y Martinez
|
| 1923
|
|
Fritz Pregl
|
Robert A. Millikan
|
Sir Frederick G. Banting
J. J. R. Macleod
|
W. B. Yeats
|
| 1924
|
|
|
K. M. G. Siegbahn
|
Willem Einthoven
|
W. S. Reymont
|
| 1925
|
Sir Austen Chamberlain
Charles G. Dawes
|
Richard Zsigmondy
|
James Franck
Gustav Hertz
|
|
G. B. Shaw
|
| 1926
|
Aristide Briand
Gustav Stresemann
|
Theodor Svedberg
|
J. B. Perrin
|
Johannes Fibiger
|
Grazia Deledda
|
| 1927
|
F. É. Buisson
Ludwig Quidde
|
Heinrich Wieland
|
A. H. Compton
C. T. R. Wilson
|
Julius Wagner-Jauregg
|
Henri Bergson
|
| 1928
|
|
Adolf Windaus
|
Sir Owen W. Richardson
|
C. J. H. Nicolle
|
Sigrid Undset
|
| 1929
|
Frank B. Kellogg
|
Sir Arthur Harden
Hans von Euler-Chelpin
|
L. V. de Broglie
|
Christian Eijkman
Sir Frederick G. Hopkins
|
Thomas Mann
|
| 1930
|
Nathan Söderblom
|
Hans Fischer
|
Sir Chandrasekhara V. Raman
|
Karl Landsteiner
|
Sinclair Lewis
|
| 1931
|
Jane Addams
Nicholas Murray Butler
|
Carl Bosch
Friedrich Bergius
|
|
Otto H. Warburg
|
E. A. Karlfeldt
|
| 1932
|
|
Irving Langmuir
|
Werner Heisenberg
|
E. D. Adrian
Sir Charles Sherrington
|
John Galsworthy
|
| 1933
|
Sir Norman Angell
|
|
P. A. M. Dirac
Erwin Schrödinger
|
Thomas H. Morgan
|
I. A. Bunin
|
| 1934
|
Arthur Henderson
|
Harold C. Urey
|
|
G. H. Whipple
G. R. Minot
W. P. Murphy
|
Luigi Pirandello
|
| 1935
|
Carl von Ossietzky
|
Frédéric Joliot-Curie
Irène Joliot-Curie
|
Sir James Chadwick
|
Hans Spemann
|
|
| 1936
|
Carlos Saavedra Lamas
|
P. J. W. Debye
|
C. D. Anderson
V. F. Hess
|
Sir Henry H. Dale
Otto Loewi
|
Eugene O'Neill
|
| 1937
|
E. A. R. Cecil, Viscount Cecil of Chelwood
|
Sir Walter N. Haworth
Paul Karrer
|
C. J. Davisson
Sir George P. Thomson
|
Albert von Szent-Gyorgyi
|
Roger Martin du Gard
|
| 1938
|
Nansen International Office for Refugees
|
Richard Kuhn
|
Enrico Fermi
|
Corneille Heymans
|
Pearl S. Buck
|
| 1939
|
|
Adolf Butenandt
Leopold Ruzicka
|
E. O. Lawrence
|
Gerhard Domagk
|
F. E. Sillanpää
|
| 1940
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1941
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1942
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 1943
|
|
Georg von Hevesy
|
Otto Stern
|
E. A. Doisy
Henrik Dam
|
|
| 1944
|
International Red Cross
|
Otto Hahn
|
I. I. Rabi
|
Joseph Erlanger
H. S. Gasser
|
J. V. Jensen
|
| 1945
|
Cordell Hull
|
A. I. Virtanen
|
Wolfgang Pauli
|
Sir Alexander Fleming
E. B. Chain
Sir Howard W. Florey
|
Gabriela Mistral
|
| 1946
|
J. R. Mott
Emily G. Balch
|
J. B. Sumner
J. H. Northrop
W. M. Stanley
|
P. W. Bridgman
|
H. J. Muller
|
Hermann Hesse
|
| 1947
|
American Friends Service Committee and Friends Service Council
|
Sir Robert Robinson
|
Sir Edward V. Appleton
|
C. F. Cori
Gerty T. Cori
B. A. Houssay
|
André Gide
|
| 1948
|
|
Arne Tiselius
|
P. M. S. Blackett
|
Paul H. Müller
|
T. S. Eliot
|
| 1949
|
John Boyd Orr, Baron Boyd Orr
|
W. F. Giauque
|
Hideki Yukawa
|
W. R. Hess
Egas Moniz
|
William Faulkner
|
| 1950
|
Ralph J. Bunche
|
Otto Diels
Kurt Alder
|
C. F. Powell
|
Philip S. Hench
Edward C. Kendall
Tadeus Reichstein
|
Bertrand Russel, Earl Russell
|
| 1951
|
Léon Jouhaux
|
Edwin M. McMillan
Glenn T. Seaborg
|
Sir John D. Cockcroft
Ernest T. S. Walton
|
Max Theiler
|
Pär F. Lagerkvist
|
| 1952
|
Albert Schweitzer
|
A. J. P. Martin
R. L. M. Synge
|
Felix Bloch
E. M. Purcell
|
S. A. Waksman
|
François Mauriac
|
| 1953
|
George C. Marshall
|
Hermann Staudinger
|
Frits Zernike
|
F. A. Lipmann
Sir Hans A. Krebs
|
Sir Winston L. S. Churchill
|
| 1954
|
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
|
Linus C. Pauling
|
Max Born
Walther Bothe
|
J. F. Enders
F. C. Robbins
T. H. Weller
|
Ernest Hemingway
|
| 1955
|
|
Vincent du Vigneaud
|
Willis E. Lamb, Jr.
Polykarp Kusch
|
A. H. T. Theorell
|
Halldór K. Laxness
|
| 1956
|
|
Sir Cyril N. Hinshelwood
Nikolai N. Semenov
|
W. B. Shockley
W. H. Brattain
John Bardeen
|
D. W. Richards, Jr.
A. F. Cournand
Werner Forssmann
|
Juan Ramón Jiménez
|
| 1957
|
Lester B. Pearson
|
Sir Alexander R. Todd
|
Tsung-Dao Lee
Chen Ning Yang
|
Daniele Bovet
|
Albert Camus
|
| 1958
|
Georges Henri Pire
|
Frederick Sanger
|
P. A. Cherenkov
Igor Y. Tamm
Ilya M. Frank
|
Joshua Lederberg
G. W. Beadle
E. I. Tatum
|
Boris L. Pasternak
|
| 1959
|
Philip J. Noel-Baker
|
Jaroslav Heyrovsky
|
Emilio Segrè
Owen Chamberlain
|
Severo Ochoa
Arthur Kornberg
|
Salvatore Quasimodo
|
| 1960
|
Albert J. Luthuli
|
W. F. Libby
|
D. A. Glaser
|
Sir Macfarlane Burnet
P. B. Medawar
|
St.-John Perse
|
| 1961
|
Dag Hammarskjöld
|
Melvin Calvin
|
Robert Hofstadter
R. L. Moessbauer
|
Georg von Bekesy
|
Ivo Andrić
|
| 1962
|
Linus C. Pauling
|
M. F. Perutz
J. C. Kendrew
|
L. D. Landau
|
J. D. Watson
F. H. C. Crick
M. H. F. Wilkins
|
John Steinbeck
|
| 1963
|
International Committee of the Red Cross
League of Red Cross Societies
|
Giulio Natta
Karl Ziegler
|
Eugene Paul Wigner
Maria Goeppert Mayer
J. Hans D. Jensen
|
Sir John Carew Eccles
Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
Andrew Fielding Huxley
|
George Seferis
|
| 1964
|
Martin Luther King, Jr.
|
Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin
|
Charles Hard Townes
Nikolai Gennadiyevich Basov
Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
|
Konrad E. Bloch
Feodor Lynen
|
Jean-Paul Sartre
|
| 1965
|
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
|
Robert Burns Woodward
|
Richard Phillips Feynman
Shinichiro Tomonaga
Julian Seymour Schwinger
|
François Jacob
André Lwoff
Jacques Monod
|
M. A. Sholokhov
|
| 1966
|
|
Robert S. Mulliken
|
Alfred Kastler
|
Francis Peyton Rous
Charles Brenton Huggins
|
S. Y. Agnon
Nelly Sachs
|
| 1967
|
|
Manfred Eigen
Ronald George Wreyford Norrish
George Porter
|
Hans Albrecht Bethe
|
Ragnar Granit
Haldan Keffer Hartline
George Wald
|
Miguel Angel Asturias
|
| 1968
|
René Cassin
|
Lars Onsager
|
Luis W. Alvarez
|
Robert W. Holley
H. Gobind Khorana
Marshall W. Nirenberg
|
Yasunari Kawabata
|
| 1969
|
International Labor Organization
|
Derek H. R. Barton
Odd Hassel
|
Murray Gell-Mann
|
Max Delbrück
Alfred D. Hershey
Salvador B. Luria
|
Samuel Beckett
|
| 1970
|
Norman E. Borlaug
|
Luis Federico Leloir
|
Louis Eugène Néel
Hans Olof Alfven
|
Julius Axelrod
Bernard Katz
Ulf von Euler
|
Alexandr I. Solzhenitsyn
|
| 1971
|
Willy Brandt
|
Gerhard Herzberg
|
Dennis Gabor
|
Earl W. Sutherland
|
Pablo Neruda
|
| 1972
|
|
Stanford Moore
William Howard Stein
Christian B. Anfinsen
|
John Bardeen
Leon N. Cooper
John Robert Schrieffer
|
Gerald M. Edelman
Rodney R. Porter
|
Heinrich Böll
|
| 1973
|
Henry A. Kissinger
Le Duc Tho
|
Ernst Otto Fischer
Geoffrey Wilkinson
|
Leo Esaki
Ivar Giaever
Brian D. Josephson
|
Konrad Lorenz
Nikolaas Tinbergen
Karl von Frisch
|
Patrick White
|
| 1974
|
Sean MacBride
Eisaku Sato
|
Paul J. Flory
|
Martin Ryle
Antony Hewish
|
Albert Claude
George Emil Palade
Christian de Duve
|
Eyvind Johnson
Harry Martinson
|
| 1975
|
Andrei D. Sakharov
|
John Warcup Cornforth
Vladimir Prelog
|
Aage N. Bohr
Ben Roy Mottelson
James Rainwater
|
David Baltimore
Renato Dulbecco
Howard M. Temin
|
Eugenio Montale
|
| 1976
|
Mairead Corrigan
Betty Williams
|
WIlliam Nunn Lipscomb
|
Burton Richter
Samuel Chao Chung Ting
|
Baruch Samuel Blumberg
Daniel Carleton Gajdusek
|
Saul Bellow
|
| 1977
|
Amnesty International
|
Ilya Prigogine
|
Philip W. Anderson
Sir Nevill F. Mott
John H. Van Vleck
|
Rosalyn S. Yalow
Roger C. L. Guillemin
Andrew V. Schally
|
Vicente Aleixandre
|
| 1978
|
Menachem Begin
Anwar al-Sadat
|
Peter Mitchell
|
Peter Kapitza
Arno A. Penzias
Robert W. Wilson
|
Werner Arber
Daniel Nathans
Hamilton O. Smith
|
Isaac Bashevis Singer
|
| 1979
|
Mother Teresa
|
Herbert C. Brown
Georg Wittig
|
Steven Weinberg
Sheldon L. Glashow
Abdus Salam
|
Allan Macleod Cormack
Godfrey Newbold Hounsfield
|
Odysseus Elytis
|
| 1980
|
Adolfo Pérez Esquivel
|
Paul Berg
Walter Gilbert
Frederick Sanger
|
James W. Cronin
Val L. Fitch
|
Baruj Benacerraf
George D. Snell
Jean Dausset
|
Czesław Miłosz
|
| 1981
|
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
|
Kenichi Fukui
Roald Hoffmann
|
Nicolaas Bloembergen
Arthur Schawlow
Kai M. Siegbahn
|
Roger W. Sperry
David H. Hubel
Torsten N. Wiesel
|
Elias Canetti
|
| 1982
|
Alfonso García Robles
Alva Myrdal
|
Aaron Klug
|
Kenneth G. Wilson
|
Sune K. Bergström
Bengt I. Samuelsson
John R. Vane
|
Gabriel García Márquez
|
| 1983
|
Lech Wałęsa
|
Henry Taube
|
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
William A. Fowler
|
Barbara McClintock
|
William Golding
|
| 1984
|
Desmond Tutu
|
R. Bruce Merrifield
|
Carlo Rubbia
Simon van der Meer
|
Cesar Milstein
George J. F. Köhler
Niels K. Jerne
|
Jaroslav Seifert
|
| 1985
|
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
|
Herbert A. Hauptman
Jerome Karle
|
Klaus von Klitzing
|
Michael S. Brown
Joseph L. Goldstein
|
Claude Simon
|
| 1986
|
Elie Wiesel
|
Dudley R. Herschbach
Yuan T. Lee
John C. Polanyi
|
Ernst Ruska
Gerd Binnig
Heinrich Rohrer
|
Rita Levi-Montalcini
Stanley Cohen
|
Wole Soyinka
|
| 1987
|
Oscar Arias Sánchez
|
Donald J. Cram
Charles J. Pedersen
Jean-Marie Lehn
|
K. Alex Müller
J. Georg Bednorz
|
Susumu Tonegawa
|
Joseph Brodsky
|
| 1988
|
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
|
Johann Deisenhofer
Robert Huber
Hartmut Michel
|
Leon M. Lederman
Melvin Schwartz
Jack Steinberger
|
Gertrude B. Elion
George H. Hitchings
Sir James Black
|
Naguib Mahfouz
|
| 1989
|
Dalai Lama
|
Thomas R. Cech
Sidney Altman
|
Norman F. Ramsey
Hans G. Dehmelt
Wolfgang Paul
|
J. Michael Bishop
Harold E. Varmus
|
Camilo José Cela
|
| 1990
|
Mikhail S. Gorbachev
|
Elias James Corey
|
Richard E. Taylor
Jerome I. Friedman
Henry W. Kendall
|
Joseph E. Murray
E. Donnall Thomas
|
Octavio Paz
|
| 1991
|
Aung San Suu Kyi
|
Richard R. Ernst
|
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
|
Edwin Neher
Bert Sakmann
|
Nadine Gordimer
|
| 1992
|
Rigoberta Menchú
|
Rudolph A. Marcus
|
Georges Charpak
|
Edmond H. Fischer
Edwin G. Krebs
|
Derek Walcott
|
| 1993
|
F. W. de Klerk
Nelson Mandela
|
Kary B. Mullis
Michael Smith
|
Russell A. Hulse
Joseph H. Taylor, Jr.
|
Richard J. Roberts
Phillip A. Sharp
|
Toni Morrison
|
| 1994
|
Yasir Arafat
Shimon Peres
Yitzhak Rabin
|
George A. Olah
|
Clifford G. Shull
Bertram N. Brockhouse
|
Alfred G. Gilman
Martin Rodbell
|
Kenzaburo Oe
|
| 1995
|
Joseph Rotblat
Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
|
Paul Crutzen
F. Sherwood Rowland
Mario Molina
|
Martin L. Perl
Frederick Reines
|
Edward B. Lewis
Eric F. Wieschaus
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
|
Seamus Heaney
|
| 1996
|
Carlos Belo
José Ramos-Horta
|
Richard E. Smalley
Robert F. Curl, Jr.
Sir Harold W. Kroto
|
David M. Lee
Robert C. Richardson
Douglas D. Osheroff
|
Peter C. Doherty
Rolf M. Zinkernagel
|
Wisława Szymborska
|
| 1997
|
International Campaign to Ban Landmines
Jody Williams
|
Paul D. Boyer
Jens C. Skou
John E. Walker
|
Steven Chu
William D. Phillips
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
|
Stanley B. Prusiner
|
Dario Fo
|
| 1998
|
John Hume
David Trimble
|
Walter Kohn
John A. Pople
|
Robert B. Laughlin
Horst L. Störmer
Daniel C. Tsui
|
Robert F. Furchgott
Louis J. Ignarro
Ferid Murad
|
José Saramago
|
| 1999
|
Doctors Without Borders
|
Ahmed H. Zewail
|
Martinus J. G. Veltman
Gerardus 't Hooft
|
Günter Blobel
|
Günter Grass
|
| 2000
|
Kim Dae Jung
|
Alan J. Heeger
Alan G. MacDiarmid
Hideki Shirakawa
|
Zhores I. Alferov
Herbert Kroemer
Jack S. Kilby
|
Arvid Carlsson
Paul Greengard
Eric Kandel
|
Gao Xingjian
|
| 2001
|
United Nations
Kofi Annan
|
William S. Knowles
Ryoji Noyori
K. Barry Sharpless
|
Eric A. Cornell
Wolfgang Ketterle
Carl E. Wieman
|
Leland H. Hartwell
R. Timothy Hunt
Sir Paul M. Nurse
|
V. S. Naipaul
|
| 2002
|
Jimmy Carter
|
John B. Fenn
Koichi Tanaka
Kurt Wüthrich
|
Raymond Davis, Jr.
Masatoshi Koshiba
Riccardo Giacconi
|
Sydney Brenner
H. Robert Horvitz
John E. Sulston
|
Imre Kertész
|
| 2003
|
Shirin Ebadi
|
Peter C. Agre
Roderick MacKinnon
|
Alexei A. Abrikosov
Vitaly L. Ginzburg
Anthony J. Leggett
|
Paul C. Lauterbur
Sir Peter Mansfield
|
J. M. Coetzee
|
| 2004
|
Wangari Maathai
|
Aaron Ciechanover
Avram Hershko
Irwin Rose
|
David J. Gross
H. David Politzer
Frank Wilczek
|
Richard Axel
Linda B. Buck
|
Elfriede Jelinek
|
| 2005
|
International Atomic Energy Agency
Mohamed ElBaradei
|
Yves Chauvin
Robert H. Grubbs
Richard R. Schrock
|
Roy J. Glauber
John L. Hall
Theodor W. Hänsch
|
Barry J. Marshall
J. Robin Warren
|
Harold Pinter
|
| 2006
|
Muhammad Yunus
Grameen Bank
|
Roger Kornberg
|
John C. Mather
George F. Smoot
|
Andrew Z. Fire
Craig C. Mello
|
Orhan Pamuk
|
| 2007
|
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Albert Arnold Gore, Jr.
|
Gerhard Ertl
|
Albert Fert
Peter Grünberg
|
Mario R. Capecchi
Sir Martin J. Evans
Oliver Smithies
|
Doris Lessing
|