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Secretariat
SECRETARIATThe Secretariat of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) was the administrative arm of the Communist Party. Initially a handful of party workers, the Secretariat evolved into a powerful bureaucracy with oversight of the entire Soviet political system and economy. Although the size of the Secretariat was modest in comparison to the giant governmental bureaucracy, its power was not. It was the apparat and those who worked in the Secretariat were the apparatchiki. Headed by the General (or First) Secretary and the other Secretaries of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Secretariat became the body that ensured that Soviet political and economic organs followed party policy. Josef Stalin was responsible for building the Secretariat, and Nikita Khrushchev was responsible for reaffirming and renewing its power. Its influence diminished only under Mikail Gorbachev, who in his final years, turned to the power of the Presidency and a Presidential Cabinet of Ministers, which was created in 1990. At the height of its power, the Secretariat headed by its powerful General Secretary determined the agenda of the Politburo and the Central Committee. Attention usually focused on the General Secretary, and to a lesser degree, the dozen or so Secretaries who worked with him, rather than the larger bureaucracy that constituted the Secretariat. See also: communist party of the soviet union bibliographyHuskey, Eugene. (1992). Executive Power and Soviet Politics: The Rise and Decline of the Soviet State. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe. Nogee, Joseph L., ed. (1985). Soviet Politics: Russia after Brezhnev. New York: Praeger. Smith, Gordon B. (1992). Soviet Politics: Struggling with Change, 2nd ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. Norma C. Noonan |
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NOONAN, NORMA C.. "Secretariat." Encyclopedia of Russian History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. NOONAN, NORMA C.. "Secretariat." Encyclopedia of Russian History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404101197.html NOONAN, NORMA C.. "Secretariat." Encyclopedia of Russian History. 2004. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-3404101197.html |
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Secretariat
Secretariat 1970–89, thoroughbred race horse. Nicknamed "Big Red," he was trained by Lucien Laurin and ridden by Ron Turcotte. In 1973 Secretariat won the Kentucky Derby, Preakness, and Belmont Stakes to capture racing's Triple Crown.
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"Secretariat." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Secretariat." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Secretar.html "Secretariat." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Secretar.html |
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secretariat
sec·re·tar·i·at / ˌsekriˈte(ə)rēət/ • n. a permanent administrative office or department, esp. a governmental one. ∎ [treated as sing. or pl.] the staff working in such an office. |
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"secretariat." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "secretariat." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-secretariat.html "secretariat." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-secretariat.html |
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secretary bird
sec·re·tar·y bird • n. a slender, long-legged African bird of prey (Sagittarius serpentarius) that feeds on snakes, having a crest likened to a quill pen stuck behind the ear. |
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"secretary bird." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "secretary bird." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-secretarybird.html "secretary bird." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-secretarybird.html |
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Secretariat
Secretariata body of secretaries, 1811. |
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"Secretariat." Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. 1985. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Secretariat." Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. 1985. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2505301336.html "Secretariat." Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms. 1985. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G2-2505301336.html |
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secretariat
secretariat
•peart
•immediate, intermediate
•idiot
•collegiate, intercollegiate
•orgeat • Eliot • affiliate
•foliate, trifoliate
•aculeate, Juliet
•Uniate • opiate
•chariot, Harriet, Judas Iscariot, lariat, Marryat
•compatriot, expatriate, patriot
•heriot, Herriot
•commissariat, lumpenproletariat, proletariat, salariat, secretariat, vicariate
•inebriate • Cypriot
•baccalaureate, laureate, professoriate
•appropriate • licentiate • satiate
•initiate, novitiate, patriciate
•associate • cruciate • Cheviot • soviet
•roseate
•Byatt, diet, quiet, riot, ryot, Wyatt
•inchoate
•Ewart, Stewart
•Verwoerd
•graduate, undergraduate
•attenuate • situate
•abbot, Cabot
•Albert • lambert • Egbert • Delbert
•filbert, Gilbert
•halibut • celibate • Robert • Osbert
•Norbert
•Hubert, Schubert
•Humbert • Cuthbert
•burbot, Herbert, sherbet, turbot
•Frankfort • effort • comfort
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"secretariat." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 31 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "secretariat." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 31, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-secretariat.html "secretariat." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 31, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-secretariat.html |
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