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gluten
gluten mixture of proteins present in the cereal grains. The long molecules of gluten, insoluble in water, are strong and flexible and form many cross linkages. This gives flour its characteristic chewiness and permits breads and cakes to rise during baking as the gases within expand and are trapped in the gluten superstructure. Various flours have different ratios of gluten to starch (called hardness) and are appropriate for different types of foodstuffs. Thus soft flour is used for cakes, harder flour for pastry, hard flour for bread, and the hardest, or durum, for pasta. The hereditary disease called nontropical sprue is characterized by an inability to digest gluten. In this disease the gluten acts as an antigen (see immunity ) and forms immune complexes that cause damage to the mucus lining of the intestine. |
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"gluten." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "gluten." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-gluten.html "gluten." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-gluten.html |
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gluten
gluten The protein complex in wheat, and to a lesser extent rye, which gives dough the viscid property that holds gas when it rises. There is none in oats, barley, or maize. It is a mixture of two proteins, gliadin and glutelin. Allergy to, or intolerance of, the gliadin fraction of gluten is coeliac disease.
In the undamaged state with extensible properties it is termed vital gluten; when overheated, these properties are lost and the product, devitalized gluten, is used for protein enrichment of foods. |
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DAVID A. BENDER. "gluten." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. DAVID A. BENDER. "gluten." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-gluten.html DAVID A. BENDER. "gluten." A Dictionary of Food and Nutrition. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O39-gluten.html |
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gluten
gluten A mixture of two proteins, gliadin and glutenin, occurring in the endosperm of wheat grain. Their amino acid composition varies but glutamic acid (33%) and proline (12%) predominate. The composition of wheat glutens determines the `strength' of the flour and whether or not it is suitable for biscuit or bread making. Sensitivity of the lining of the intestine to gluten occurs in coeliac disease, a condition that must be treated by a gluten-free diet.
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"gluten." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "gluten." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-gluten.html "gluten." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-gluten.html |
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gluten
glu·ten / ˈgloōtn/ • n. a substance present in cereal grains, esp. wheat, that is responsible for the elastic texture of dough. A mixture of two proteins, it causes illness in people with celiac disease. |
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"gluten." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "gluten." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-gluten.html "gluten." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-gluten.html |
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gluten
gluten (gloo-tĕn) n. a mixture of the two proteins gliadin and glutenin. Gluten is present in wheat and rye and is important for its baking properties. Sensitivity to gluten leads to coeliac disease in children.
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"gluten." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "gluten." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-gluten.html "gluten." A Dictionary of Nursing. 2008. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O62-gluten.html |
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gluten
gluten Main protein substance in wheat flour. Not present in barley, oats, or maize, gluten contributes the elasticity to dough. It is used in gluten bread for diabetics, and as an additive to chocolate and coffee.
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"gluten." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "gluten." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-gluten.html "gluten." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-gluten.html |
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gluten
gluten †albuminous element of animal tissues XVI; sticky or viscid substance XVII; (chem.) nitrogenous part of flour XIX. — F. — L. glūten GLUE.
So glutinous XVI. — (O)F. or L. |
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T. F. HOAD. "gluten." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "gluten." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-gluten.html T. F. HOAD. "gluten." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-gluten.html |
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gluten
gluten The principle protein in wheat.
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MICHAEL ALLABY. "gluten." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. MICHAEL ALLABY. "gluten." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-gluten.html MICHAEL ALLABY. "gluten." A Dictionary of Plant Sciences. 1998. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O7-gluten.html |
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gluten
gluten
•assassin • Yeltsin • sasine
•Solzhenitsyn • rebbetzin
•biomedicine, medicine
•ceresin
•ricin, Terramycin
•tocsin, toxin
•Wisconsin • oxytocin • niacin
•moccasin • characin • Capuchin
•Latin, satin
•plantain • captain
•marten, martin
•cretin
•pecten, pectin
•Quentin
•clandestine, destine, intestine
•sit-in • quintain • bulletin • chitin
•Austen, Mostyn
•fountain, mountain
•gluten, highfalutin, Rasputin
•Dustin, Justin
•biotin • legatine • gelatin • keratin
•certain, Curtin
•Kirsten • Gethin • lecithin • Bleddyn
•Gavin, ravin, ravine, savin, spavin
•Alvin, Calvin
•Marvin
•Bevin, Kevin, levin, Previn, replevin
•kelvin, Melvin
•riboflavin • covin • Mervyn
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"gluten." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "gluten." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-gluten.html "gluten." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-gluten.html |
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