Horticulture

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. A Dictionary of Biology Further reading

dwarf tree

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

dwarf tree in horticultural practice, a tree artificially kept to a smaller size than is normal for average members of the species. This is usually accomplished either by limiting its root space and food and by careful pruning or by grafting it on the rootstock of a smaller species. Dwarf trees (their culture is an ancient Japanese art called bonsai ) utilize limited space and are grown for ornamental purposes. Dwarf fruit trees are valued for both decoration and fruit production in small gardens. Natural dwarfing occurs among plants growing in areas where only low-growing varieties can survive (see alpine plants ).

Bibliography: See G. E. Severn, Miniature Trees in the Japanese Style (1967), M. Kawasumi, Introductory Bonsai (1972).

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"dwarf tree." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"dwarf tree." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-dwarftre.html

"dwarf tree." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-dwarftre.html

Learn more about citation styles

chaparral

A Dictionary of Biology | 2004 | Copyright

chaparral A type of stunted (scrub) woodland found in temperate regions with little summer rainfall. It is dominated by drought-resistant evergreen shrubs, forming dense thickets, interspersed with dwarfed trees, such as oaks and eucalyptus. It is the typical vegetation found in the western United States and the Mediterranean region (where it is called maquis).

Cite this article
Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography.

MLA
Chicago
APA

"chaparral." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>.

"chaparral." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-chaparral.html

"chaparral." A Dictionary of Biology. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O6-chaparral.html

Learn more about citation styles

Free newspaper and magazine articles

	The new dwarf fruit trees. (includes related article on choosing a genetic... Magazine article from: Sunset; 1/1/1990
	Fruits of the Kearneysville Lab.(dwarf fruit tree research) Magazine article from: Agricultural Research; 7/1/1999
	Dwarf in size, giant in productivity. (apple trees) Magazine article from: Agricultural Research; 5/1/1991