absolute zero

absolute zero the zero point of the ideal gas temperature scale, denoted by 0 degrees on the Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales, which is equivalent to -273.15°C and -459.67°F. For most gases there is a linear relationship between temperature and pressure (see gas laws ), i.e., gases contract indefinitely as the temperature is decreased. Theoretically, at absolute zero the volume of an ideal gas would be zero and all molecular motion would cease. In actuality, all gases condense to solids or liquids well above this point. Although absolute zero cannot be reached, temperatures within a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero have been achieved in the laboratory. At such low temperatures, gases assume nontraditional states, the Bose-Einstein and fermionic condensates . See also low-temperature physics ; temperature .

absolute zero See KELVIN SCALE.

absolute zero The zero point on the thermodynamic temperature scale, equal to -273.15° Celsius or -459.67° Fahrenheit. It is often stated that all motion of atoms and molecules ceases at absolute zero, but in fact a small amount of energy (the zero-point energy) still remains. Absolute zero is the coldest temperature theoretically possible, but it can never be attained in practice.