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William Douglas, 1st earl of Douglas and Mar
William Douglas, 1st earl of Douglas and Mar 1327?–1384, Scottish nobleman; nephew of Sir James de Douglas, lord of Douglas. About 1348 he returned to Scotland from France and recaptured the Douglas lands from the English. Later he took part in the negotiations for the ransom and release of David II . In 1354 he succeeded to the estates of his father and uncle and to the lands of his kinsman, William Douglas, Knight of Liddesdale, whom he had slain. Douglas engaged in French-incited raids on the English border and fought (1356) for the French in the battle of Poitiers. In 1358 he was made earl of Douglas, and after the accession of Robert II he was made justiciar S of the Forth and received the lands of the earl of Fife. At the death of his wife's brother in 1374 he received the lands and title of the earl of Mar. Douglas had an illegitimate son by Margaret Stuart, countess of Angus in her own right. This was George Douglas, who became 1st earl of Angus. |
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"William Douglas, 1st earl of Douglas and Mar." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "William Douglas, 1st earl of Douglas and Mar." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-DouglW1eD.html "William Douglas, 1st earl of Douglas and Mar." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-DouglW1eD.html |
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Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl
Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl (1861–1928) British field-marshal. After being chief-of-staff in India (1909) he commanded the 1st Army Corps in Flanders at Ypres and Loos and succeeded Sir John French as commander-in-chief. His strategy of attrition created huge numbers of casualties on the SOMME (1916) and at PASSCHENDAELE (1917) and was much criticized. His conduct of the final campaign (1918) ended the war more quickly than FOCH expected. After the war he devoted himself to working tirelessly for ex-servicemen, and instituted the “Poppy Day” appeal associated with his name.
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"Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HaigDouglas1stEarl.html "Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-HaigDouglas1stEarl.html |
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Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl
Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl (1861–1928) British field marshal. During World War I, he served as commander-in-chief (1915–18) of British forces in France. Haig's policy of attrition inflicted appalling losses among British troops, particularly at the Somme and Passchendaele. Under the supreme command of Marshal Foch, he led the final assault on the Hindenburg line. In 1921 he helped establish the Royal British Legion.
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"Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-HaigDouglas1stEarl.html "Haig, Douglas, 1st Earl." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-HaigDouglas1stEarl.html |
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