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Ulster
Ulster. The northern province of Ireland, comprising the counties of Antrim, Down, Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Donegal, Tyrone, and Londonderry. It was dominated by Gaelic lords until the 17th cent.; the Normans under John de Courcy and Hugh de Lacy establishing a foothold in eastern Ulster in the late 12th and early 13th cents.: de Lacy was created earl of Ulster by King John in 1205. The Norman intrusion was both socially and geographically confined: Ulster remained the most Gaelic, and—from the perspective of English governors in Dublin—inaccessible part of Ireland until the plantation of 1609. The flight of the Gaelic lords in 1607 after the failure of Tyrone's rebellion opened the way to mass confiscations of land by the crown, and the redistribution of this property through a programme of colonization. The Ulster plantation embraced the six central and western counties of Ulster: an earlier plantation in Monaghan (1593) was allowed to stand, and the eastern counties, long characterized by informal British settlement, were also untouched. The destruction of Gaelic society continued during the Commonwealth, when massive confiscations occurred in eastern and southern Ulster: the Gaelic aristocracy was, by 1660, all but annihilated. The victory of the Williamite forces in Ireland by 1691 confirmed this territorial distribution, and opened the way to further British migration. However, the weak economic condition of Ireland at the beginning of the 18th cent. stemmed this tide, and indeed produced a flow of presbyterian emigrants. The mid- and late 18th cent. saw economic growth throughout most of Ireland, and at this time Ulster emerged as the centre of the Irish linen industry, Belfast developing as a significant industrial centre. The commercial success of especially eastern Ulster in the 19th cent., allied with the substantial British and protestant population, helped cut the region off from the rising nationalist fervour elsewhere in Ireland: by the time of the first Home Rule Bill (1886), there was broad support for the maintenance of a constitutional link with Britain. In 1920 the island was partitioned, with the six most unionist counties—the new Northern Ireland—obtaining a separate devolved parliament and government. This partition settlement was confirmed by the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921, and by the Boundary Commission of 1925: it was further underwritten by the Ireland Act (1949), passed by the United Kingdom House of Commons after the declaration of a republic by Dublin in 1948. However, the dominant unionist social and political culture of Northern Ireland came under increasing challenge from the nationalist minority, benefiting from improved access to higher education, but still economically and culturally disadvantaged. Between 1969 and 1994, in the context of a low-grade civil war conducted between loyalist and republican paramilitaries and the Royal Ulster Constabulary and British army, an untenable position of unionist political predominance was gradually undermined. Although ‘Ulster’—the old provincial label is still sometimes applied to Northern Ireland—looks set to remain with Britain, it is probable that its governing institutions will more faithfully reflect its cultural and political diversity.
Alvin Jackson |
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JOHN CANNON. "Ulster." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Ulster." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Ulster.html JOHN CANNON. "Ulster." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster [ON Uladztir; Ir. Ulaid, the people; ON staðir, steadings; cf. MedL Ultonia]. A province of Ireland occupying much of the north-east of the island, third largest (6,486 square miles) of the four, including Connacht, Leinster, and Munster, whose borders were drawn in the 17th century. Known in pre-conquest Ireland as Cóiced Ulad, it had been one of five, when Mide/Meath is counted separately or when Munster is counted as two. Within its borders are the counties of: Antrim, Armagh, Cavan, Donegal, Down, Fermanagh, [London-] Derry, Monaghan, Tyrone. Since the partition of 1922 ‘Ulster’ has often erroneously been understood to imply only the six counties still a part of the United Kingdom: Antrim, Armagh, Fermanagh, [London-]Derry, Down, and Tyrone, or only 52.3 percent (3,393 square miles) of the total original area. The name ‘Ulster’ is often used as the English equivalent of the Irish Ulaid, even though that ancient people usually occupied only eastern portions of what became the province of Ulster.
The geographical focus of the Ulster Cycle or Red Branch Cycle is Emain Macha, the 18-acre hill-fort in Co. Armagh, the supposed court of King Conchobar mac Nessa. Much of the action in the great epic of the Cycle, the Táin Bó Cuailnge [Cattle Raid of Cooley], takes place in Ulster, and the fortunes of the Ulstermen are championed by their greatest hero, Cúchulainn, along with Conall Cernach and Lóegaire Búadach. See also the DEBILITY/PANGS OF THE ULSTERMEN; MESCA ULAD [The Intoxication of the Ulstermen]; for the Red Hand of Ulster, see UÍ NÉILL. See also Annala Uladh: The Annals of Ulster, ed. William H. Hennessy (Dublin, 1887–1901). |
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JAMES MacKILLOP. "Ulster." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAMES MacKILLOP. "Ulster." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Ulster.html JAMES MacKILLOP. "Ulster." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster The northern province of Ireland, comprising the counties of Antrim, Down, Armagh, Cavan, Monaghan, Fermanagh, Donegal, Tyrone, and Londonderry. The Norman intrusion was both socially and geographically confined: Ulster remained the most Gaelic, and—from the perspective of English governors in Dublin—inaccessible part of Ireland until the plantation of 1609. The Ulster plantation embraced the six central and western counties of Ulster. The victory of the Williamite forces in Ireland by 1691 confirmed this territorial distribution, and opened the way to further British migration into Ulster. The mid‐ and late 18th cent. was characterized by economic growth throughout most of Ireland, and at this time Ulster emerged as the centre of the Irish linen industry, and Belfast developed as a significant industrial centre. By the time of the first Home Rule Bill (1886), there was broad support for the maintenance of a constitutional link with Britain. In 1920 the island was partitioned, with the six most unionist counties—the new Northern Ireland—obtaining a separate devolved parliament and government. However, the dominant unionist social and political culture of Northern Ireland came under increasing challenge from the nationalist minority. Between 1969 and 1994, in the context of a low‐grade civil war conducted between loyalist and republican paramilitaries and the Royal Ulster Constabulary and British army, an untenable position of unionist political predominance was gradually undermined.
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JOHN CANNON. "Ulster." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Ulster." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Ulster.html JOHN CANNON. "Ulster." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster, UK Ouolountoi, Ulaid A province with the Irish name ‘Land of the Ulaidh’, the people who inhabited the area. The origin of their name is obscure but the present name comes from Ulaidh, the Old Scandinavian genitive ‐s and the Irish tír ‘district’. Ulster was a former kingdom, which reached its zenith in the 5th century, and subsequently the northernmost of the four traditional provinces of Ireland. Because the Ulster Unionists refused to accept Home Rule for Ireland, the British government was forced to pass the Government of Ireland Act in 1920 whereby Ireland was partitioned into two self‐governing areas, the northern part consisting of six of the nine counties of Ulster (Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone; the other three, Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan, joined the Irish Free State). This new political entity became known as Northern Ireland. In 1921 the Northern Ireland Parliament was inaugurated. Early the following year an Anglo‐Irish treaty was ratified, confirming the establishment of the Irish Free State (see Ireland) and Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland is now often referred to as Ulster.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Ulster." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Ulster." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Ulster.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Ulster." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster A former kingdom of IRELAND, lying in the north-east of the island. The kingdom of Ulster reached its zenith in the 5th century AD, at the beginning of the Christian era. During the Anglo-Norman conquest the de Lacey and de Burgh families held the earldom of Ulster from 1205 to 1333. By the 16th century, the O'Neill clan had reasserted its commanding position in the area, until the failure of the Earl of Tyrone's rebellion against ELIZABETH I and her unwelcome religious policy (1594–1601) marked the end of O'Neill supremacy. James I promoted the plantation in Ulster of thousands of Presbyterian Scots and Protestant English and many Catholics were forced off their land. These Protestants supported WILLIAM III in his campaign against JAMES II, which culminated in William's victory at the Battle of the BOYNE (1690). At the division of Ireland in 1920–21, six of the nine countries that originally comprised Ulster opted for self-governing status as NORTHERN IRELAND, a province of the UNITED KINGDOM. The remaining three counties of Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan became part of the Irish Free State (later the Republic of Ireland). The name Ulster is still used (especially by Unionists) to refer to Northern Ireland.
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"Ulster." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Ulster." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Ulster.html "Ulster." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster a former province of Ireland, in the north of the island; with Leinster, Munster, and Connaught one of the original four provinces, the ‘four green fields’ of Ireland. The nine counties of Ulster are now divided between Northern Ireland (Antrim, Down, Armagh, Londonderry, Tyrone, and Fermanagh) and the Republic of Ireland (Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan). The name is also used generally for Northern Ireland, particularly in a political context.
Ulster King of Arms formerly the chief heraldic officer for Ireland; since 1943, the office has been united with that of Norroy King of Arms. |
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Ulster." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Ulster." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Ulster.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Ulster." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Ulster.html |
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ulster
ulster (U-) king-of-arms for Ireland XVI; long loose overcoat of rough cloth introduced by J. G. McGee & Co. of Belfast, capital of Ulster XIX. Name of the most northerly province of Ireland, the earlier form of which was Ulvester — ON. Ulfastir, also Ulaztir, Ulaðstir, f. Ir. Ulaidh men of Ulster; the el. -ster is perh. to be referred to (O)Ir. tír land = L. terra.
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T. F. HOAD. "ulster." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. T. F. HOAD. "ulster." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-ulster.html T. F. HOAD. "ulster." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology. 1996. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O27-ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster northernmost of the historic provinces of Ireland. Modern Ulster consists of nine counties. Six (Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Derry, and Tyrone) now make up Northern Ireland (see Ireland, Northern ), which is often referred to as Ulster; the remaining three (Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan) are in the Republic of Ireland. |
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"Ulster." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Ulster." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Ulster.html "Ulster." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
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"Ulster." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Ulster." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Ulster.html "Ulster." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster (Ulaidh) (the province). ‘Land of the Ulstermen’. Ouolountoi c.150. OScand. possessive -s + Irish tír. The meaning of the tribal name is obscure.
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A. D. MILLS. "Ulster." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Ulster." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Ulster.html A. D. MILLS. "Ulster." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Ulster.html |
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ulster
ul·ster / ˈəlstər/ • n. a man's long, loose overcoat of rough cloth, typically with a belt at the back. |
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"ulster." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "ulster." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-ulster005.html "ulster." The Oxford Pocket Dictionary of Current English. 2009. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O999-ulster005.html |
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Ulster
Ulster, see UK, 4.
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I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Ulster." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Ulster." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Ulster.html I. C. B. DEAR and M. R. D. FOOT. "Ulster." The Oxford Companion to World War II. 2001. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O129-Ulster.html |
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Ulster
Ulster
•exploiter, goitre (US goiter), loiter, reconnoitre (US reconnoiter), Reuter
•anointer, appointer, jointer, pointer
•cloister, hoister, oyster, roister
•accoutre (US accouter), commuter, computer, disputer, hooter, looter, neuter, pewter, polluter, recruiter, refuter, rooter, saluter, scooter, shooter, souter, suitor, tooter, transmuter, tutor, uprooter
•booster, rooster
•doomster • freebooter • sharpshooter
•peashooter • six-shooter
•troubleshooter • prosecutor
•persecutor • prostitutor
•telecommuter
•footer, putter
•Gupta • Worcester • Münster
•pussyfooter • executor
•contributor, distributor
•collocutor, interlocutor
•abutter, aflutter, butter, Calcutta, clutter, constructor, cutter, flutter, gutter, mutter, nutter, scutter, shutter, splutter, sputter, strutter, stutter, utter
•abductor, conductor, destructor, instructor, obstructor
•insulter
•Arunta, Bunter, chunter, Grantha, grunter, Gunter, hunter, junta, punter, shunter
•corrupter, disrupter, interrupter
•sculptor
•adjuster, Augusta, bluster, buster, cluster, Custer, duster, fluster, lustre (US luster), muster, thruster, truster
•huckster • Ulster • dumpster
•funster, Munster, punster
•funkster, youngster
•gangbuster • filibuster • blockbuster
•semiconductor • headhunter
•woodcutter
•lacklustre (US lackluster)
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"Ulster." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Ulster." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Ulster.html "Ulster." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Ulster.html |
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