St. Ignatius of Antioch

The letters of the Christian bishop St. Ignatius of Antioch (died ca. 115) are an important source of knowledge about the early Church.

Ignatius was overseer (bishop) of the Christians in Antioch in Syria during one of the persecutions that broke out while Trajan was emperor. When Ignatius was arrested, he refused to acknowledge the official gods and, not being a Roman citizen, was sentenced to die in the amphitheater in Rome. The soldiers with whom he traveled to Rome allowed him to visit some of the Christian communities along the way. The letters he sent to these groups before he died reveal many of Christianity's ideals in the early 2d century.

Ignatius was concerned that the Christian community remain united and that it preserve the faith handed down by the Apostles. He saw the pastor of the community, the bishop, as the leader of this unity in faith. "Do nothing without the bishops and presbyters," he wrote. "It is not lawful apart from the bishops either to baptize or to hold a love-feast."

Ignatius's letters also reflected the growing influence of Greek philosophical concerns over the inevitability of death. Ignatius was convinced that Christian baptism brought about a new life in Christ and that this life was eternal unless it was frustrated by sin. Because martyrdom was a way to overcome the sins committed since baptism, Ignatius wanted to be martyred in order to enter more quickly into eternal life with Christ. He said that if the animals in the amphitheater were not hungry he would urge them on. "Let me be given to the wild beasts, for through them I can attain unto God. I am God's wheat, and I am ground by the wild beasts that I may be found the pure bread of Christ," he wrote to the Christians in Rome.

Some of Ignatius's language had the ring of the Greek mystery religions about it. He called the Eucharist the "mystery" of Christ's body and blood and said it was "the medicine of immortality and the antidote against death." The Eucharist, he wrote, is a spiritual food which strengthens the one who receives it and helps him into eternal life.

Ignatius was an intelligent and articulate leader who would rather die than compromise his faith. The Roman officials saw him as a disruptive influence in an empire which valued the pagan religious rites of Rome as a politically unifying force. Christians have considered Ignatius of Antioch a Father of the Church.

Further Reading

The latest English translation of Ignatius's letters is in James A. Kleist, ed., The Epistles of St. Clement of Rome and St. Ignatius of Antioch (1946). Virginia Corwin, St. Ignatius and Christianity in Antioch (1960), is a scholarly study of his life, times, and thought. Cyril Charles Richardson, The Christianity of Ignatius of Antioch (1935), is helpful for an understanding of the ideas Ignatius expressed in his letters. □

Saint Ignatius of Antioch , d. c.107, bishop of Antioch and Christian martyr, called Theophorus [Gr.,= God-bearer]. He was probably a convert and a disciple of St. John the Evangelist. On his way to Rome to be martyred by the wild beasts of the amphitheater, he wrote the important letters to the churches in Rome and in Asia Minor, and to St. Polycarp . The seven epistles are an invaluable testimony to the beliefs and internal organization of the early Christians. St. Ignatius is the first writer to stress the virgin birth. He firmly denounced Docetism and viewed the mystery of the Trinity as an assumed doctrine of faith. The only guarantee against heresy, he taught, is the church united under a bishop. St. Ignatius is the first in Christian literature to use the word Catholic. Feast: Feb. 1.

Bibliography: See J. A. Kleist, tr., The Epistles of St. Clement of Rome and St. Ignatius of Antioch (1946), V. Corwin, Saint Ignatius and Christianity in Antioch (1960).

Ignatius, St (c.35–c.107), Bp. of Antioch. Nothing is known of his life except that he was taken under guard from Antioch to Rome. He was received at Smyrna by St Polycarp, and from there he wrote to the Churches of Ephesus, Magnesia, and Tralles letters of encouragement, and to the Church of Rome begging them not to deprive him of martyrdom by intervening with the authorities. At Troas he wrote to the Churches of Philadelphia and Smyrna and to Polycarp. The Colosseum is the traditional place of his martyrdom.

Ignatius insists on the reality of both the Divinity and the Humanity of Christ, whose life is continued in the Eucharist. The best safeguard of the unity of the Christian faith is the bishop, without whose authority neither the Eucharist nor marriage may be celebrated. Feast day: 17 Oct. in the RC Church (formerly 1 Feb.), some Anglican calendars, and at Antioch; 20 Dec. in the Greek Church.

Ignatius, St (d. c.107). Bishop of Antioch. Nothing is known of his life beyond his journey under guard across Asia Minor to Rome to be martyred. He was received along the way by representatives of five local churches (Ephesus, Magnesia, Tralles, Philadelphia, Smyrna), and sent a letter back to each. These five letters, with one to the church at Rome and one to Polycarp, were early collected and venerated (and other spurious letters added to them). The letters witness to the emergence of the office of bishop, to which Ignatius was passionately committed as the best safeguard of the unity of the Church. The letter to the Romans also shows Ignatius's ardent desire for martyrdom. Feast day, 17 Oct. or 17 Dec. (W.); 20 Dec. (E.).

Ignatius (35–107 CE) Bishop of Antioch in Syria; on his journey as a prisoner to Rome, where he was martyred, Ignatius wrote six letters to Churches in Asia Minor through which he passed and one to Polycarp, bishop of Smyrna. The letters emphasize that each local Church should have a single bishop and, dated about 107 CE, they are important evidence of the development of the Church's ministry.

Ignatius of Antioch, Saint (active 1st century ad) Bishop of Antioch, and influential theologian of the early Christian Church. On his way to Rome, where he died for his faith, he wrote his seven Epistles, which are valuable sources for an assessment of the doctrine of the early Church.