|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries: |
Research categories | Follow us on Twitter |
Research categories
View all topics in the newsView all reference sources at Encyclopedia.com |
|||
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) involved thirty‐three European states plus the United States and Canada in a series of negotiations bridging the East‐West divide through the 1970s and 1980s. Washington linked initial U.S. participation to settlement of the status of Berlin and Soviet agreement to parallel talks on conventional force reductions (the MBFR). The CSCE Final Act, signed in Helsinki on 1 August 1975, codified the diplomatic “rules of the road” for the remainder of the Cold War, including the inviolability of frontiers, nonintervention, and respect for human rights.
Publication of the Final Act catalyzed an upsurge of activity for human rights and in opposition to totalitarianism across the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe in the mid‐late 1970s. CSCE review meetings in Belgrade (1977–78), Madrid (1980–83), and Vienna (1986–89) focused on implementation and extension of the Final Act, especially in the areas of human rights and military confidence‐building measures. By 1989, the political principles established by the Final Act were widely credited with contributing to the collapse of Communist rule in Eastern Europe. After the Cold War, the CSCE established a permanent Secretariat in Prague, a Conflict Prevention Center in Vienna, an Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights in Warsaw, and an Office on National Minorities in the Hague. With the breakup of the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia, and the accession of Albania, membership in the CSCE increased from thirty‐five to fifty‐three states. In 1994, it was renamed the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). Since then, the OSCE has supervised democratic elections, promoted respect for human rights in new laws and constitutions, and negotiated and monitored cease‐fires throughout Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. [See also Helsinki Watch.] Bibliography John J. Maresca , To Helsinki: The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, 1972–1975, 1987. Daniel C. Thomas |
|
|
Cite this article
John Whiteclay Chambers II. "The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. John Whiteclay Chambers II. "The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-TheCnfrncnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html John Whiteclay Chambers II. "The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Companion to American Military History. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O126-TheCnfrncnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html |
|
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), international organization established as the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) in 1973, during the cold war , to promote East-West cooperation. Headquarters are in Prague, Czech Republic. The CSCE's 1975 meeting in Helsinki, Finland, ratified the acts commonly known as the Helsinki Accords, which were signed by every European nation (except Albania, which did so later) and the United States and Canada. The OSCE is responsible for reviewing the implementation of those accords. Since the end of the cold war, it has also aimed to foster peace, prosperity, and justice in Europe. There are now 56 OSCE members, including all European nations, all former republics of the Soviet Union, and the United States and Canada.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-OrgSCE.html "Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-OrgSCE.html |
|
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) An organization with thirty-four members that emerged on 1 August 1975 from the Helsinki Conference in an attempt to carry on the dialogue between Eastern and Western Europe. It marked the high point of a thaw in the Cold War during the 1970s. It was signed by the Soviet Union and its satellite states because it represented a de facto recognition of its sphere of influence. However, as an unintended consequence, human rights citizens' movements such as Charter '77 began to form in order to demand the realization of the commitments undertaken by their governments. The long-term effect of the CSCE, therefore, was the undermining of the legitimacy of the Communist states of Eastern Europe. After the Helsinki conference, until 1990 the CSCE was the only forum at which all the (Communist and capitalist) states of Europe (as well as the USA and Canada) met at regular intervals, notably in Belgrade (1977–8), Madrid (1980–3), Vienna (1986–9), and Helsinki (1992). It underwent a major reorganization in 1992, when it became an agency of the UN. Its role was upgraded, with a yearly meeting of foreign ministers, and a biennial meeting of government leaders. By 2002, it had fifty-five member states.
http://www.csce.gov |
|
|
Cite this article
JAN PALMOWSKI. "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAN PALMOWSKI. "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-ConferencnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html JAN PALMOWSKI. "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." A Dictionary of Contemporary World History. 2004. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O46-ConferencnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html |
|
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe a series of negotiations held by thirty-three European states, Canada, and the United States to address the security and stability of Europe. On August 1, 1975, it culminated in the signing of the CSCE Final Act, also called the Helsinki Accords, which established diplomacy for the remainder of the Cold War, including the inviolability of existing borders, nonintervention in the internal affairs of other states, and respect for human rights. In 1994 it was renamed the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-ConferencnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-ConferencnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html |
|
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe see Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-OrganztnfrScrtyndCprtnnrp.html "Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe." The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military. 2001. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O63-OrganztnfrScrtyndCprtnnrp.html |
|
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe See HELSINKI CONFERENCE.
|
|
|
Cite this article
"Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 1 Jun. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (June 1, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-ConferencnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html "Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved June 01, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-ConferencnScrtyndCprtnnrp.html |
|
Search over 100 encyclopedias and dictionaries:
HighBeam™ Research, Inc. © Copyright 2012. All rights reserved.
The Encyclopedia.com advertising network includes:
