Mumbai

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Mumbai

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Â© World Encyclopedia 2005, originally published by Oxford University Press 2005. (Hide copyright information) Copyright

Mumbai (Bombay) Situated on an island off the w coast; capital of Maharashtra state. In 1534 it was ceded to the Portuguese. In 1661 the British gained control of Mumbai as part of Catherine of Braganza's dowry to Charles II. It was the headquarters of the British East India Company until 1858. Mumbai's ‘Gateway to India’ was the first sight many colonists had of India. After 1941 a population boom occurred as a result of immigration, rural migration, and an increasing birthrate. Mumbai has the largest population of Parsis in India. The city has some fine Victorian public architecture. Mumbai is a cultural, educational, trade, and financial centre, and the site of the world's largest film industry. It is India's second-largest port (after Calcutta). Educational establishments include the University of Mumbai (1857) and the Indian Institute of Technology (1958). Industries: chemicals, textiles, oil refining, motor vehicles. Exports: cotton, manganese. Pop. (2001) 3,326,837; 11.914.398 (metropolitan).

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