French History: Biographies

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. World Encyclopedia Further reading

Marie Louise

The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. | 2011 | Copyright

Marie Louise 1791–1847, empress of the French (1810–15) as consort of Napoleon I and duchess of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla (1816–47), daughter of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II (later Emperor of Austria as Francis I.) She was married (1810) to Napoleon I and was the mother of Napoleon II . When Napoleon I was defeated (1814), she fled to Vienna. Her duchies were awarded to her at the Congress of Vienna; she ruled them ineptly from Parma, with the assistance of her lover, Count Adam Adalbert von Neipperg, whom she married morganatically in 1821. After his death (1829) she married the comte de Bombelles.

Bibliography: See biographies by J. A. Mahan (1931) and P. Turnbull (1971).

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Marie Louise

World Encyclopedia | 2005 | Copyright

Marie Louise (1791–1847) French Empress. Daughter of Emperor Francis II, she married Napoleon I in 1810. A son, the future Napoleon II, was born in 1811, and she acted briefly as regent during Napoleon's absences on campaign. Alienated from him by 1814, she became Duchess of Parma.

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Free newspaper and magazine articles

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