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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (d. 1282), prince of Wales (1246–82). Known as Llywelyn ‘the Last’, his ambition to create a permanent, independent Welsh principality came close to realization. The second son of Gruffydd, son of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, he may have been designated the heir of his uncle Dafydd ap Llywelyn. After Dafydd's death (1246) and the treaty of Woodstock with Henry III (1247), Llywelyn and his elder brother Owain were restricted to Gwynedd west of the river Conwy. By 1255 Llywelyn had defeated his brothers and restored his uncle's dominion: he advanced east of the Conwy, exploited divisions in England, and raided to south Wales. Most Welsh lords regarded him as overlord (1258) and Llywelyn took the title of prince of Wales. At Pipton (1265) Simon de Montfort acknowledged his status and promised Llywelyn his daughter (though the marriage did not take place until 1278). At Montgomery (1267) Henry III conceded recognition. But in Gwynedd, Llywelyn's rule alienated churchmen and his brother Dafydd, who deserted him in 1274; there was an attempt to assassinate Llywelyn in Powys. He also misjudged Edward I in refusing to fulfil his obligations as the king's vassal. The war of 1276–7 was a disaster for Llywelyn, who was confined once more to west Gwynedd by the treaty of Aberconwy (1277); he kept his title but only five Welsh barons were acknowledged to be his vassals. The uneasy peace was shattered by Dafydd's impulsive assault on Hawarden (1282) and, in the renewed struggle with Edward, Llywelyn was killed near Builth on 11 December.
Ralph Alan Griffiths |
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JOHN CANNON. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-LlywelynapGruffydd.html JOHN CANNON. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-LlywelynapGruffydd.html |
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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (d. 1282), prince of Wales (1246–82). Known as Llywelyn ‘the Last’, his ambition to create a permanent, independent Welsh principality came close to realization. The grandson of Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, he may have been designated the heir of his uncle Dafydd ap Llywelyn. After Dafydd's death (1246) and the treaty of Woodstock with Henry III (1247), Llywelyn was restricted to Gwynedd west of the river Conwy. By 1255 Llywelyn had defeated his brothers and restored his uncle's dominion: he advanced east of the Conwy, exploiting divisions in England. Most Welsh lords regarded him as overlord (1258) and Llywelyn took the title of prince of Wales. At Pipton (1265) Simon de Montfort acknowledged his status and promised Llywelyn his daughter in marriage. At Montgomery (1267) Henry III conceded recognition. Llywelyn misjudged Edward I in refusing to fulfil his obligations as the king's vassal. The war of 1276–7 was a disaster for Llywelyn, who was confined once more to west Gwynedd by the treaty of Aberconwy (1277). The uneasy peace was shattered by his brother Dafydd's assault on Hawarden (1282) and, in the renewed struggle with Edward, Llywelyn was killed near Builth on 11 December.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-LlywelynapGruffydd.html JOHN CANNON. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-LlywelynapGruffydd.html |
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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , d. 1282, Welsh prince, grandson of Llywelyn ap Iorwerth . He succeeded (1246) his uncle, David II, as ruler of North Wales and in 1247, with his brother Owen as coruler, did homage to Henry III of England, surrendering to him a large part of their territory. In 1256, having overthrown Owen, he launched a campaign to recover his lands. He soon won the allegiance of other Welsh princes and by 1263 controlled much of Wales. In the Barons' War he was allied with Simon de Montfort , earl of Leicester, against Henry III. Montfort's downfall did not check Llywelyn's rise; by the Treaty of Montgomery (1267) he was recognized as prince of Wales—the first official English use of that title, although Llywelyn had assumed it in 1258. On the accession (1272) of Edward I , Llywelyn refused homage to the English king. In the English invasion of 1276 he lost all but a small portion of North Wales and submitted to Edward by the Treaty of Conway (1277). He was killed in a second rebellion in 1282. Llywelyn was the last independent ruler of Wales. His name also appears as Llewelyn ap Griffith. |
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"Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LlywelynG.html "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-LlywelynG.html |
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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (or Llewelyn II) (died 1282) Prince of Gwynedd in North Wales. In 1258 he proclaimed himself prince of all Wales and four years later formed an alliance with Simon de Montfort, leader of the baronial opposition to Henry III. He later signed a treaty with Henry, which made him chief of the other Welsh princes but recognized Henry as his overlord (1265). His refusal to pay homage to Edward I led the latter to invade and subjugate Wales (1277–84); Llywelyn died in battle after raising a rebellion against Edward's rule.
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Cite this article
"Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-LlywelynapGruffydd.html "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." A Dictionary of World History. 2000. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O48-LlywelynapGruffydd.html |
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Llywelyn ap Gruffydd
Llywelyn ap Gruffydd (1225–82) ( Llywelyn the Last) Prince of Wales. Allied with the rebellious English barons, he gained control of as much territory as his grandfather, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth. He was recognized as Prince of Wales by the Treaty of Montgomery (1267). With the accession of Edward I, he renewed his rebellion in 1282 and was killed in battle.
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Cite this article
"Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 27 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 27, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-LlywelynapGruffydd.html "Llywelyn ap Gruffydd." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 27, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-LlywelynapGruffydd.html |
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