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Edward
Edward (d. 924), king of England (899–924), known as ‘the Elder’. Up to 910 when he won a decisive victory against the Danes at Tettenhall in Staffordshire, Edward was involved first in suppressing a revolt led by his cousin Æthelwold, then in efforts to keep the peace with Danish forces. Tettenhall left Edward in effective command of all England south of the Humber. His success was possible partly because of the readiness of Danes, settled into the countryside, to submit to a strong legitimate king who could offer peace, and partly due to co‐operation between the West Saxons and the Mercians. Edward worked well first with his brother‐in‐law Æthelred, ealdorman of Mercia, and after his death in 911 with his widow, Edward's own sister Æthelfleda, the formidable ‘lady of the Mercians’. An outstanding feature of their campaigns was the implementation of a ‘burghal’ policy, setting up fortified defences at towns manned by forces drawn from surrounding estates. Burhs were built or repaired (where existing fortifications already existed) at places such as Hertford, Witham, Buckingham, Bedford, Maldon, Towcester (specially defended by a stone wall), Tempsford, and Colchester by Edward, and at Bridgnorth, Tamworth, Stafford, Warwick, and Runcorn by Æthelfleda.
At various points in his reign Edward also had his overlordship recognized by Welsh princes, Scottish rulers, by the Britons of Strathclyde, and by Northumbrian noblemen exercising authority at Bamburgh, but his major contribution to the ultimate achievement of English unity rested on military and institutional success south of the Humber. |
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JOHN CANNON. "Edward." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Edward." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Edward.html JOHN CANNON. "Edward." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Edward.html |
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Edward
Edward ♂ From an Old English personal name derived from ēad ‘prosperity, riches’ + weard ‘guard’. This has been one of the most successful of all Old English names, in frequent use from before the Conquest to the present day, and even being exported into other European languages. It was the name of three Anglo-Saxon kings and has been borne by eight kings of England since the Norman Conquest. It is also the name of the youngest son of Queen Elizabeth II. The most influential early bearer was King Edward the Confessor (?1002–66; ruled 1042–66). In a troubled period of English history, he contrived to rule fairly and (for a time at any rate) firmly. But in the latter part of his reign he paid more attention to his religion than to his kingdom. He died childless, and his death sparked off conflicting claims to his throne, which were resolved by the victory of William the Conqueror at the Battle of Hastings. His memory was honoured by Normans and English alike, for his fairness and his piety. Edward's mother was Norman; he had spent part of his youth in Normandy; and William claimed to have been nominated by Edward as his successor. Edward was canonized in the 12th century, and came to be venerated throughout Europe as a model of a Christian king.
Derivatives: Scottish Gaelic: Eideard; Eudard (a dialectal variant). German, Dutch: Eduard (influenced by the French form). Scandinavian: Edvard. French: Édouard. Spanish: Eduardo. Portuguese: Duarte. Italian: Edoardo. Russian: Edvard. Czech: Eduard, Edvard. Finnish: Eetu. Short forms: Ed, Ned, Ted. Pet forms: Eddie, Neddy, Teddy. |
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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Edward." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Edward." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Edward.html PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Edward." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Edward.html |
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Edward
Edward (d. 978), king of England (975–8), known as ‘the Martyr’. On the sudden death of Edgar, 8 July 975, succession to the throne was far from clear, and parties formed around his two young sons, Edward, then aged about 13, and Edward's half-brother Æthelred, who was probably only 7 or 8. Edward was eventually accepted and the two or three years of his reign were marked by a check to the lavish endowments made to monasteries by his father (not necessarily an anti-monastic policy as such). Later authorities speak of the young king as unstable and violent, but all was overshadowed by the manner of his death. On a visit to his young brother and stepmother at Corfe in Dorset on 18 March 978 (just possibly 979) he was treacherously stabbed to death in cold blood by his brother's retainers. It is possible that some of Æthelred's weakness may be attributed to the moral blight thrown on him and his mother Queen Ælfthryth as a result of this murder. Edward was buried without due honour at Wareham, though his body was later translated to Shaftesbury. Popular opinion, encouraged no doubt by the nuns at Shaftesbury, postulated his sanctity and the anniversary of his death, 18 March, was set aside as his commemoration day in the legislation of Æthelred.
Henry Loyn |
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JOHN CANNON. "Edward." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Edward." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Edward1.html JOHN CANNON. "Edward." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Edward1.html |
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Edward
Edward male forename; name of two English saints.
St Edward the Confessor (c. 1003–66), the son of Ethelred the Unready and his second wife Emma of Normandy, king of England 1042–66. Famed for his piety, Edward rebuilt Westminster Abbey, where he was eventually buried. He is sometimes shown with a ring which according to legend he gave to a beggar; subsequently English pilgrims in the Holy Land (or India) encountered an old man who said that he was St John the Apostle, and who gave them back the ring, telling them to return it to the king, and warn him that he would die in six months' time. His feast day is 13 October. St Edward the Martyr (c.963–78), the son of Edgar, king of England 975–8. Edward was faced by a challenge for the throne from supporters of his half-brother, Ethelred, who eventually had him murdered at Corfe Castle in Dorset. His emblem is a dagger, symbol of his martyrdom. His feast day is 18 March. |
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Edward." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Edward." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Edward.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Edward." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Edward.html |
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Edward
Edward (d. 978), king of England (975–8), known as ‘the Martyr’. On the sudden death of Edgar, 8 July 975, parties formed around his two sons, Edward, aged about 13, and Edward's half‐brother Æthelred, probably only 7 or 8. Edward was eventually accepted as king. Later authorities speak of him as unstable and violent, but all was overshadowed by the manner of his death. On a visit to his young brother and stepmother at Corfe in Dorset on 18 March 978(just possibly 979) he was stabbed to death in cold blood by his brother's retainers.
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Edward." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Edward." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Edward1.html JOHN CANNON. "Edward." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Edward1.html |
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Lewis Edward Lawes
Lewis Edward Lawes 1883–1947, American penologist, b. Elmira, N.Y. As warden (1920–41) of Sing Sing Prison, a New York state prison located at Ossining, N.Y., he carried out many reforms, advocating vocational training for convicts and the abolition of capital punishment. Twenty Thousand Years in Sing Sing (1932) is the best known of his books.
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"Lewis Edward Lawes." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Lewis Edward Lawes." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Lawes-Le.html "Lewis Edward Lawes." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Lawes-Le.html |
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Wallant, Edward Lewis
Wallant, Edward Lewis (1926–62), author and graphic artist whose novels The Human Season (1960), The Pawnbroker (1961), The Tenants of Moonbloom (1963), and The Children at the Gate (1964) present Jewish characters, lonely and anguished, but with a warm sense of humanity.
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James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Wallant, Edward Lewis." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Wallant, Edward Lewis." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 1995. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-WallantEdwardLewis.html James D. Hart and and Phillip W. Leininger. "Wallant, Edward Lewis." The Oxford Companion to American Literature. 1995. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O123-WallantEdwardLewis.html |
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Edward
Edward
•landward • backward
•Edward, headward
•hellward • heavenward • leftward
•northwestward, southwestward, westward
•wayward
•leeward, seaward
•eastward, northeastward, southeastward
•windward • inward • cityward
•skyward • sideward • rightward
•onward
•forward, henceforward, shoreward, straightforward, thenceforward
•awkward • northward
•downward, townward
•outward • southward • poleward
•homeward • oceanward • Woodward
•sunward • upward • frontward
•rearward • afterward • earthward
•halyard
•lanyard, Spaniard
•untenured • steelyard • vineyard
•poniard
•haphazard, hazard, mazzard
•blizzard, gizzard, izard, lizard, vizard, wizard
•buzzard
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"Edward." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Edward." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Edward.html "Edward." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Edward.html |
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