John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren

John Adolphus Bernard Dahlgren , 1809-70, American naval officer, b. Philadelphia. Appointed a midshipman in 1826, he had a long and honorable naval career. In charge of ordnance at the Washington navy yard after 1847, he expanded the ordnance facilities and designed the 9-in. (22.9-cm) and 11-in. (27.9-cm) guns that came to be called Dahlgrens. In the Civil War, Dahlgren received command of the Washington navy yard and soon became also chief of the Bureau of Ordnance. Promoted to rear admiral in 1863, he served as commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron, cooperated (1863) with Gen. Q. A. Gillmore in the unsuccessful attempt to take Charleston, helped to place troops in Florida in 1864, cooperated with Sherman in taking Savannah, and in Feb., 1865, helped to occupy Charleston. He later held high posts and wrote widely on naval ordnance.

Bibliography: See biography by his wife, Madeleine V. Dahlgren (1882).

Dahlgren, John Adolphus Bernard (1809–70) Union naval officer and ordnance manufacturer born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, noted for the successful siege of Charleston (1861) during the Civil War and for the design of the Dahlgren gun, as well as other significant advances in ordnance.

Dahlgren, John (1809–1870), naval ordnance innovator and commander of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron during the Civil War.Dahlgren joined the navy in 1826. Service on the U.S. Coast Survey (1834–37) distinguished his early career. In 1847, Lieutenant Dahlgren was assigned to ordnance duty at the Washington Navy Yard. Over the next fifteen years, he invented and developed bronze boat guns, heavy smoothbore shell guns, and rifled ordnance. He also created the first sustained weapons R&D program and organization in U.S. naval history. For these achievements, Dahlgren became known as the “father of American naval ordnance.” His heavy smoothbores, characterized by their unusual bottle shape, derived from scientific research in ballistics and metallurgy, manufactured and tested under the most comprehensive program of quality control in the navy to that time, and were the navy's standard shipboard armament during the Civil War. Promoted to commander in 1855, captain in 1862, and rear admiral in 1863, he became commandant of the Washington Navy Yard in 1861 and chief of the Bureau of Ordnance in 1862. With help from his friend President Abraham Lincoln, Dahlgren took command of the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron in July 1863, and for the next two years led naval forces besieging Charleston, in the Union navy's most frustrating campaign. After the war, he commanded the South Pacific Squadron, then returned to the command of the Bureau of Ordnance and the Washington Navy Yard.
[See also Civil War: Military and Diplomatic Course; Navy, U.S.: 1783–1865; Rodman, Thomas; Union Navy.]

Bibliography

Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren , Memoir of John A. Dahlgren, Rear‐Admiral United States Navy, 1882.
Robert J. Schneller, Jr. , A Quest for Glory: A Biography of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, 1996.

Robert J. Schneller, Jr.