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Gloucester
Gloucester (Roman) was successively a Roman legionary fortress and the colonia of Glevum. The earliest Roman military site, of c. ad 50, was at Kingsholm by an old channel of the Severn. The move to the present site took place in the mid-60s with the building of a legionary fortress (garrison uncertain). This was turned into a colonia for legionary veterans under Nerva (96–8). As at Colchester the military buildings were converted to civil use: the headquarters building became the forum, and barracks became housing. The colonia retained the legionary defences, fronted in stone as a mark of status. This gave a defended area about half that for towns of comparable rank, but there were extensive suburbs, in one of which has been found a tilery with products bearing stamps, some referring to the municipality and its magistrates. Another fronted a major Severn-side quay. As elsewhere, well-appointed houses became more common at Gloucester in the 3rd and 4th cents. Some were occupied into the early 5th cent., but there is no evidence that the town was still in being when it fell to the Anglo-Saxons after the battle of Dyrham in 577.
Alan Simon Esmonde Cleary post-RomanGloucester revived as a royal and ecclesiastical centre in the 7th cent., and as a fortified and planned town (burh) in the 9th. Situated at the lowest point bridgeable on the Severn (until 1966), it was long an important inland port. The medieval town was dominated by St Peter's abbey (created the cathedral in 1541) and the Norman castle: the Norman kings wore their crown at Gloucester annually and the town then ranked among the ten richest in England. It remained prosperous until the 15th cent., but in Tudor and Stuart times suffered an economic decline and developed a radical tradition. It held out for Parliament in a siege of 1643, perhaps the turning-point in the first civil war, and was punished for it after 1660. In 1780 Robert Raikes started the national Sunday school movement there. From the 1820s there was rapid industrial growth, lasting until the mid-20th cent.David M. Palliser |
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JOHN CANNON. "Gloucester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Gloucester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Gloucester.html JOHN CANNON. "Gloucester." The Oxford Companion to British History. 2002. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O110-Gloucester.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester The earliest Roman military site, of AD c.50, was at Kingsholm. The move to the present site took place in the mid‐60s with the building of a legionary fortress. This was turned into a colonia for legionary veterans under Nerva (96–8). As elsewhere, well‐appointed houses became more common at Gloucester in the 3rd and 4th cents. There is no evidence that the town was still in being when it fell to the Anglo‐Saxons after the battle of Dyrham in 577.
Gloucester revived as a royal and ecclesiastical centre in the 7th cent., and as a fortified and planned town (burh) in the 9th. Situated at the lowest point bridgeable on the Severn (until 1966), it was long an important inland port. The medieval town was dominated by St Peter's abbey (created the cathedral in 1541) and the Norman castle: the Norman kings wore their crown at Gloucester annually and the town then ranked among the ten richest in England. |
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Cite this article
JOHN CANNON. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN CANNON. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Gloucester.html JOHN CANNON. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of British History. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O43-Gloucester.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester city (1990 pop. 28,716), Essex co., NE Mass., on Cape Ann; settled 1623, inc. as a city 1873. It is a port of entry at the head of Gloucester Harbor, which is protected by a breakwater built from Eastern Point. The harbor has been used by fishing ships for over three centuries, and Gloucester still bases its economy on the fishing and fish-processing industries, although overfishing has severely reduced the catch. Once an important shipbuilding center, the city is supposedly where the first schooner was built (1713). The picturesque old city is also a popular summer resort. Tourist attractions include the famous bronze Fisherman, a memorial to the thousands of Gloucestermen lost at sea; Hammond Castle, which houses collections of medieval art; and numerous pre-Revolutionary houses. The city has furnished material for authors (e.g., Rudyard Kipling in his Captains Courageous ) as well as artists. |
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"Gloucester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Gloucester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-GloucsUS.html "Gloucester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-GloucsUS.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester, Australia, Canada, Papua New Guinea, UK, USA 1. UK (England): founded as Nervana in 96 by, and named briefly after, Marcus Nerva (c.80–98), Roman emperor (96–8). In the 2nd century it was known by the Romans as Coloniae Glevum, indicating that it was a colony for retired Roman soldiers. In the Domesday Book (1086) it is called Glowecestre ‘(Roman) Town called Glevum’. The present name is derived from Glevum, which itself is derived from a Celtic root word for ‘bright’, and ceaster. Thus the name can be taken to mean ‘Splendid Camp’. The English county of Gloucestershire takes its name from the city with the additional scīr.2. The other cities and towns with this name either recognize the English city or honour various Dukes of Gloucester.
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JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Gloucester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Gloucester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Gloucester.html JOHN EVERETT-HEATH. "Gloucester." Concise Dictionary of World Place-Names. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O209-Gloucester.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester , city (1991 pop. 106,526) and district, Gloucestershire, W central England, on the Severn River. Manufactures in Gloucester include aircraft components, agricultural machinery, railroad equipment, and processed foods. Timber mills and light and heavy engineering works are prevalent. The port is still active but has been eclipsed by Bristol since the 15th cent. Gloucester stands upon the site of the Roman city Glevum. In Saxon times it was the capital of Mercia . Noteworthy is the cathedral (begun 1089) in which Edward II is buried. The Three Choirs Festival is held in Gloucester every third year. A technical college and an old public school are there. |
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Cite this article
"Gloucester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Gloucester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-GloucsEng.html "Gloucester." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2011. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-GloucsEng.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester. A religious house was founded here in 681 and converted into a college of secular priests in 823. It was refounded as a Benedictine monastery by Wulfstan, Abp. of York, in 1017. The present (cathedral) church was begun in 1089. It is notable for the Perpendicular panelling superimposed on the Norman pillars in the choir, and for the cloisters, with their early fan tracery (before 1377). The monastery was suppressed in 1540. The diocese was founded in 1541, with the abbey church as the cathedral.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Gloucester." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Gloucester." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Gloucester.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Gloucester." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-Gloucester.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester Glos. Coloniae Glev' 2nd cent., Glowecestre 1086 (DB). ‘Roman town called Glevum’. Celtic name (meaning ‘bright place’) + OE ceaster. The early form contains Latin colonia ‘Roman colony for retired legionaries’. Gloucestershire (OE scīr ‘district’) is first referred to in the 11th cent.
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A. D. MILLS. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. A. D. MILLS. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Gloucester.html A. D. MILLS. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of British Place-Names. 2003. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O40-Gloucester.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester County town of Gloucestershire on the River Severn, w England. It was the Roman city of Glevum and acted as capital of Mercia in Saxon times. There is an 11th-century cathedral where Edward II is buried. A market town, its industries include agricultural machinery, aircraft components, railway equipment, and fishing. Pop. (1997 est.) 109,300.
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"Gloucester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Gloucester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Gloucester.html "Gloucester." World Encyclopedia. 2005. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O142-Gloucester.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester. The site of the English city of the east bank of the Severn appears often in early Welsh narrative, where it is known as Caer Loyw. The evil Nine Witches of Gloucester/Caer Loyw are dispatched with vengeance by Peredur. A Roman fortress in the same place was known as Glevum.
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JAMES MacKILLOP. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JAMES MacKILLOP. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Gloucester.html JAMES MacKILLOP. "Gloucester." A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. 2004. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O70-Gloucester.html |
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Gloucester
Gloucester
•all-nighter, biter, blighter, fighter, igniter, inciter, indicter, inviter, lighter, mitre (US miter), overnighter, reciter, righter, sighter, smiter, writer
•shyster • rhymester • backbiter
•expediter • prizefighter • dogfighter
•bullfighter • gunfighter • lamplighter
•highlighter • downlighter
•moonlighter • uplighter • firelighter
•screenwriter • scriptwriter
•copywriter • signwriter • typewriter
•songwriter • ghostwriter
•underwriter
•blotter, cotta, cottar, dotter, gotta, hotter, jotter, knotter, otter, pelota, plotter, potter, ricotta, rotter, spotter, squatter, terracotta, totter, trotter
•crofter
•concocter, doctor, proctor
•Volta • prompter • wanter
•adopter, dioptre
•Costa, coster, defroster, foster, Gloucester, impostor, paternoster, roster
•lobster, mobster
•oxter • monster • songster
•witchdoctor • helicopter
•teleprompter • globetrotter
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"Gloucester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 26 May. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Gloucester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (May 26, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Gloucester.html "Gloucester." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved May 26, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Gloucester.html |
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