Rouault, Georges (1871–1958). French painter, draughtsman, printmaker, and designer who created a personal kind of
Expressionism that gives him a highly distinctive place in modern art. From 1885 to 1890 he was apprenticed to a stained-glass maker, his work including the restoration of medieval glass; the vivid colours and strong outlines characteristic of the medium left a strong imprint on his work. In 1892 he became a fellow pupil of
Matisse and
Marquet under
Gustave Moreau at the
École des Beaux-Arts. He was Moreau's favourite pupil and in 1898 became the first curator of the Musée Moreau in Paris. At about the same time he underwent a psychological crisis and although he continued to associate with the group of artists around Matisse who were later known as
Fauves, he did not adopt their brilliant colour or characteristic subjects; instead he painted characters such as clowns, prostitutes, and outcasts in sombre but glowing tones. These subjects expressed his hatred of cruelty, hypocrisy, and vice, showing the ugliness and degradation of humanity with passionate conviction. Initially such work disturbed the public, but Rouault achieved financial security after
Vollard became his agent in 1917 and during the 1930s he gained international popularity. From about 1940 he devoted himself almost exclusively to religious art. In addition to his prolific output of paintings, drawings, and prints (in various techniques, often done as book illustrations), his work also included ceramics and designs for tapestry, for stained glass, and for
Diaghilev's ballet
The Prodigal Son (1929), for which the music was written by Prokofiev. By the time of his death he was a much-honoured figure and he was given a state funeral.
