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Esdras, Books of
Esdras, Books of. ‘Esdras’ is the Greek and Latin form of Ezra. The Septuagint contains Esdras A, a Greek Book based on parts of 2 Chron., Ez., and Neh., with an additional story not in the Hebrew; and Esdras B, a straight rendering of the Hebrew of Ez.-Neh. (treated as one Book). In the current form of the Vulgate I and II Esdras are St Jerome's rendering of Ez. and Neh., treated as separate Books; III Esdras is the Old Latin version of Esdras A, and IV Esdras is another Book not extant in Greek. In 1546 III and IV Esdras were rejected from the RC Canon and in subsequent editions of the Vulgate they appear as an appendix after the NT. In the Geneva Bible (1560) and subsequent English versions I and II Esdras of the Vulgate are entitled ‘Ezra’ (q.v.) and ‘Nehemiah’, while III and IV Esdras are the ‘1’ and ‘2’ Esdras of the Apocrypha.1 ESDRAS (i.e. Esdras A of the LXX, III Esdras of the Vulgate, or The Greek Ezra), recounts the story of Israel from Josiah to Ezra. It is mainly composed of matter taken from the Hebrew canonical Books. It is generally dated between c.200 and 50 BC.2 ESDRAS (IV Esdras of the Vulgate or The Ezra-Apocalypse) is composite.: (a) 1–2, an introductory section denouncing the sins of Israel and partly based on the NT; (b) 3–14, the ‘Ezra-Apocalypse’ proper, in which the writer relates his visions and discourses with an angel; this section (the oldest part) is generally dated after AD 70 and not later than the reign of Hadrian (117–38); (c) 15–16, an appendix, in some MSS reckoned as ‘V Esdras’.
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E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Esdras, Books of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Esdras, Books of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-EsdrasBooksof.html E. A. LIVINGSTONE. "Esdras, Books of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. 2000. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O95-EsdrasBooksof.html |
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Esdras
Esdras [Gr. from Heb. Ezra ], name of several books found in the Old Testament Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha . The New Revised Standard Version (following the Authorized Version) maintains the titles Ezra and Nehemiah for the books to which the Vulgate gives the titles First and Second Esdras respectively. The Septuagint gives the title Second Esdras to a work in which both books are combined. In the Hebrew Bible, Ezra and Nehemiah are also a combined work. The New Revised Standard Version's and Septuagint's First Esdras compile the whole of Ezra, sections of Second Chronicles and Nehemiah, and a story about Darius the Persian's bodyguards. In the Vulgate this work is entitled Third Esdras. The work known as Second Esdras in the Apocrypha of the Authorized Version and New Revised Standard Version is given the title Fourth Esdras (=Fourth Ezra) in the Vulgate. Part of this work is a Jewish apocalypse extant in Latin; other parts are Christian additions. Many consider it the most theologically perceptive of the Jewish apocalypses. The original language was probably Hebrew or Aramaic, from which a Greek translation was made; however, none of these versions exist. The work, which most critics date after AD 100, is a response to the destruction (AD 70) of Jerusalem. See Apocrypha ; J. M. Myers, I and II Esdras (1974); J. H. Charlesworth, ed., Old Testament Pseudepigrapha (Vol. I, 1983); M. Stone, Fourth Ezra (1990). |
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"Esdras." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Esdras." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Esdras.html "Esdras." The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.. 2008. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-Esdras.html |
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Esdras, books of
Esdras, books of Esdras is the Greek form of the name Ezra. The first book of Esdras is an alternative Greek version of part of 2 Chron., the whole of Ezra, and part of Nehemiah, and is included in the LXX together with the primary version of those works. It is therefore a work of history. In the Latin Vulgate the work is called 3 Esdras and is placed in an appendix in Roman Catholic bibles. (The title 1 and 2 Esdras is accorded in the Vulgate to the books of Ezra and Nehemiah.)
The book concentrates on the worship of the Temple and opens with an account of Josiah's reform of 621 BCE and ends with Ezra's reform (c.440 BCE). (Eastern Orthodox Christians regard 1 Esdras as deuterocanonical scripture.) Chs. 3 to 14 of 2 Esdras, which was written in the 1st cent. CE, are a Jewish apocalypse consisting of revelations given in seven visions, published under the pseudonym of Ezra; there are Christian additions at the beginning and end which are sometimes designated respectively 5 and 6 Ezra. The rest of the work is sometimes also called 4 Esdras or 4 Ezra. It is known now only in various translations, including Latin, and is included in the appendix to the Vulgate. There is a remarkably honest discussion about human sin and how God deals with sinners, with a promise that the righteous will not lose their reward after they have died. Both 1 and 2 Esdras appear in the Apocrypha of Protestant Bibles (e.g. NRSV, REB). |
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W. R. F. BROWNING. "Esdras, books of." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. W. R. F. BROWNING. "Esdras, books of." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-Esdrasbooksof.html W. R. F. BROWNING. "Esdras, books of." A Dictionary of the Bible. 1997. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O94-Esdrasbooksof.html |
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Esdras, Books of
Esdras, Books of. Various Jewish biblical books. ‘Esdras’ is the Gk. and Lat. form of Ezra. Confusion results from the differences between the books of this title in the Septuagint, Vulgate (and hence some Catholic Bibles) and Apocrypha in English Bibles. These correspond as follows:
2 Esdras, and specifically chs. 3–14, is also known as the ‘Ezra Apocalypse’. It describes seven visions: the first three concern the destruction of Jerusalem and the problem of evil; the sixth (ch. 13) is of the victorious Messiah, described as ‘son of man’. It is usually dated toward the end of the 1st cent. CE. |
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JOHN BOWKER. "Esdras, Books of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. JOHN BOWKER. "Esdras, Books of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-EsdrasBooksof.html JOHN BOWKER. "Esdras, Books of." The Concise Oxford Dictionary of World Religions. 1997. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O101-EsdrasBooksof.html |
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Esdras
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PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Esdras." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Esdras." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Esdras.html PATRICK HANKS, KATE HARDCASTLE, and FLAVIA HODGES. "Esdras." A Dictionary of First Names. 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O41-Esdras.html |
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Esdras
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ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Esdras." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Esdras." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Esdras.html ELIZABETH KNOWLES. "Esdras." The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. 2006. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O214-Esdras.html |
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Esdras
Esdras
•alas, Alsace, amass, ass, Bass, chasse, crass, crevasse, en masse, gas, Hamas, lass, mass, morass, sass, tarantass, tass, wrasse
•Díaz • Phidias • palliasse
•materfamilias, paterfamilias
•Asturias • Aphrodisias • Trias
•Donbas • Vargas • Ofgas • biogas
•teargas • jackass • Hellas • Ulfilas
•Stanislas • Candlemas • landmass
•Martinmas • biomass • Childermas
•Esdras • Mithras • hippocras
•sassafras • demitasse • gravitas
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"Esdras." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. 11 Feb. 2012 <http://www.encyclopedia.com>. "Esdras." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Encyclopedia.com. (February 11, 2012). http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Esdras.html "Esdras." Oxford Dictionary of Rhymes. 2007. Retrieved February 11, 2012 from Encyclopedia.com: http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O233-Esdras.html |
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